The present studies intended to the find out the study and compares the attitude towards sex education of Muslim adolescence students, and also find out to compare the attitude of Muslim adolescence students towards sex education in relation to their home environment. For this study researcher was framed 2 objectives and 3 hypotheses. Normative survey method has been used in this study. 400 Muslim adolescence students were selected as sample through Purposive sampling technique . Attitude Scale towards Sex Education was developed by researcher by the help of the expert of this field and Home Environment Inventory developed by Dr. K.S. Misra were used to collect the data. The collected data was analyzed using Mean, S.D. and‘t’ test through SPSS software. Muslim adolescence student have high attitude towards sex education. Area has affected the attitude of students towards sex education as the urban students have been found to have more favorable attitude towards sex education. Sex had not affected the attitude of rural Muslim students towards sex education. Home environment and its dimensions have affected the attitude of students towards sex education. It provides complete and healthy information for necessary life skills to deal with the problems of future life.

This study aims to find out the problems and solutions experienced by teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic where teachers have to do online learning. This research is a descriptive study using an online survey method. The data was collected using an online questionnaire to 25 respondents to the teachers of SMAN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur. It was found that 100% of the respondents of SMAN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur had conducted online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the research results, it was found that 100% of the teachers were learning the online model (online). Also, in the implementation of online learning teachers use various applications including WhatsApp Web, Google Classroom, Zoom Meeting and Webinar, Youtube. The main application choice for teachers is WhatsApps, which is 100% of teachers claiming to be the first choice.

A problem at three elementary schools in an Appalachian state was that some or all instructors were struggling to implement differentiated instruction in the classroom. Because differentiation is a research-based best practice, teachers should be consistently using this strategy to meet the varying needs found within the inclusive classroom. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate perceptions of third- and fourth-grade teachers on their knowledge, implementation, and selfassessment of using differentiated instruction in classrooms in three elementary schools in one Appalachian state. The two research questions that guided this study asked how third- and fourth-grade teachers used differentiation to support all students and what perceived opportunities and struggles these teachers believed affected their ability to implement this strategy. Nine out of the 14 third- and fourth-grade inclusive teachers who volunteered were asked to participate in semistructured phone interviews and lesson plan analysis. Data were hand coded and analyzed using a spreadsheet to look for reoccurring categories and themes. Six themes emerged within the collected qualitative data to include ability grouping, technology, planning for differentiated instruction, professional supports, lack of training, and instructional support. With the findings, specific professional development was created to help the teacher more consistently use differentiation in the classroom. This study has positive social change implications because it might lead to a stronger administrator and teacher understanding of the perceived uses of differentiation as well as the perceived opportunities and struggles to fully implement the strategy.

The quality of education is an important requirement in preparing superior human resources. However, in reality, the implementation of education has not been able to produce quality graduates. This condition is caused, among others, by the empowerment of teachers. This research was conducted to analyze teacher empowerment strategies in improving the quality of education. Research using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data obtained through literature review and analyzed descriptively-qualitative. The results showed that improving the quality of education requires appropriate teacher empowerment strategies. Empowerment strategies: inspiring teachers to empower themselves continuously through self-taught and independent efforts; encourage teacher participation in various educational and teaching activities; encouraging the growth of innovation among teachers, by providing flexibility for teachers to come up with new ideas, approaches, methods or strategies; provide the widest possible access to information to teachers through information; encourage teachers to have high accountability.

The investigation of extremism is likely to take a place after the occurrence of the occurrence. Few of the people that investigated the life of extremists understand how their life is completely influenced to shift them from ordinary citizens into extremists to cease the increase of extremism globally. Thus, this research examines the life of the most extremists in the Egyptian history, Shukri Mostafa and Mohamed Atta, by investigating their past, peers and family. Shukri and Atta are both Egyptians who fatefully believed in extremism approach to implement their own agenda based on Islamic perspectives. Hitherto, Shukri and Atta still have cohorts who consider their sacrifice as the best method of jihad, albeit the Islamic clerics grappled their ideologies. According to literature, the story of Shukri and Atta is vigorously intrigued for governments, politicians and researchers to augment in their accounts that extremists are currently well-educated and most of them belong to well-to-do families.

This study discusses the Leadership Style in Improving Management Ethics at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Jambi City. This research uses qualitative research. The methods used in data collection are observation, interviews, and documentation. The author found that the leadership style in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Jambi City was a Democratic Leadership Style. Management Ethics at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Jambi City is also running well, this can be seen from its terminal value, namely vision, and its instrumental value, namely mission and always applying positive values such as service orientation, integrity, commitment, discipline, and cooperation. With the existence of a Democratic Leadership Style, Management Ethics will automatically be good so that the vision and mission of the madrasah will be achieved effectively and efficiently. The results of this paper suggest that the head of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Jambi City continues to strive and maintain a Democratic Leadership Style and teachers and administrative staff to always apply service-oriented values, integrity, commitment, discipline and work together in achieving the vision and mission and the destination of MAN 1 Jambi City.

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the noteworthy initiatives of the Chinese government. It has been intended to interface neighboring 65 nations to enhance inter-regional international trade. This research focused on China and South Asia international trade under BRI framework. South Asian nations share pretty much the equivalent social and social foundation. From the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) the initiative for trade connectivity has started in this sub-region. Later several trade agreements came into force. In this present research, researchers uncovered present trade integration with China and South Asian countries. To estimate results we have applied gravity model equation. Estimated results support that BRI has a positive and significant impact on trade Integration among China and South Asia. The significance level of P-value falls below 1%. For data analysis, several databases have been utilized likewise, UN-Comtrade, World Bank, World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), etc. Data analysis part has done with the application of Stata.

A study of the relationship between dance, ceremomonialism and politics in Indonesia is always interesting. The presence of dance in ceremonialism has a long history in Indonesian political culture. Since the time of the Majapahit kingdom, this has occurred in a pattern of political communication expressed through the appearance of King Hayam Wuruk when he danced in an official meeting in the palace. This fact is revealed from the ancient literature of Negara Kertagama which writes of the greatness of king Hayam Wuruk when he was a dancer in a performance at the palace. This fact seems to be a unique phenomenon in the kingdoms that followed until the Islamic Mataram kingdom was divided into the kingdoms of Surakarta and Yogyakarta eventhough until it increasingly colored colonial politics in the pre-independence era. Entering the post-independence era, the reality of the phenomenon became more explicit when the New Order created the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah monument with the spirit of "wawasan nusantara". Eventually the ceremonial and political patterns are represented in the identity of the various provincial miniatures in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (Beautiful Garden of Indonesia Miniatur). This in turn became a new pattern of dance presentation forms in the Presidential Palace, which duplicated various regional dances from various provinces in Indonesia. This article will study this phenomenon with an ethnochoreological approach as a multilayered discipline. Ethnochoreology views dance as a cultural product. From ethnocoreological perspective, this article discusses the relationship pattern of dance presentation in a ceremonalism periodically.

This research aims to develop a graphic design online class for adult learners by using Thinkific. The development procedure followed the ADDIE theory that consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The result of feasibility test done by 3 subject matter experts shows that this developed product is feasible to use, rated 96% by instructional design expert, 95% graphic design expert, and 100% by media expert. Finally, the adult learners who joined the online class trial shows a very good response and satisfaction, which means that the developed product is improving their overall learning experience.

The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by the government to deliver various services to the public, to ensure citizens’ better access to public information, to simplify and ameliorate the process of governance refers as e-Government. Developing countries taking inspiration from developed nations’ success in streamlining governance through e-Government, trying to adapt and replicate initiatives. Bangladesh ranks high among these aspiring nations. Nonetheless, there are hordes of predicaments that impede the effective execution of e-government in Bangladesh. This article relied on archival analysis of relevant laws, policy documents and academic papers on the issue and drawn conclusions based on these. It presented the concept of e-Government; discussed benefits to gain, barriers to face and probable road ahead for developing countries with special focus on Bangladesh. From the appraisal of existing programmes it is detected that e–Government holds many prospects for Bangladesh. If implemented properly it will enhance competence, increase transparency and will augment socio-economic development.

This study aims at examining and reviewing thoroughly the local governance in Indonesia from time to time. This research employed normative a juridical method by searching the secondary data more. According to the research, we may state that local governance implementation has taken a long road and continuous changes pursuant to the laws and regulations regulating it. The relatively interesting dynamics are that Constitutional Court Decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 states that cancellation of local regulation is under the Supreme Court’s authority. In addition, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation actually revokes some authorities granted to local level to be that of the central level, although the Law aims at correcting overlapping laws and regulations.

The present research study aimed to deliver an overlook based on the behavioral tendency of the users of WhatsApp and Telegram when applying linguistics into communicative messages. Through a particularized literature framework, the research study has displaced some notable influencer tech-application factors and applied linguistics specificness that are currently characterizing WhatsApp and Telegram Interpersonal Communication backgrounds. The research study was conducted by following suitable research protocols. This prospect involved the revision of specialized materials such as publications and webpages focused on the subject presented. Database from a survey piloted among university students formed part of this research criterium. The survey served to measure public’ level of favoritisms applied linguistics text, voice, and picture WhatsApp and Telegram messages. This study is very useful for scholars interested in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Studies .

This study was conducted to explore the causes and effects of marginalization and social inequality that characterizes ‘Wood Workers’ minority group in Gurage Zone, south-central Ethiopia. It carefully examines the overall living situations of ‘Wood Workers’ in terms of economic, social and political aspects within the socio-cultural context of the host society. Traditionally, this group lost the rights and privileges in the society at large and they are not equally treated similar to other groups. In this study, a qualitative methodological approach is employed in extracting information from different sources on the subject in question. The study relied mainly on primary and secondary sources. Based on the findings, as far as the causes of marginalization is concerned, the norms, beliefs and the way of life that defines the ‘Wood Workers’ and the roles they undertake in the society have been seen as extremely important factors. Moreover, the causes, levels and effects of marginalization and social inequality of these minority groups are multifaceted and alarming. Regarding the effects of marginalization, the ‘Wood Workers’ have been facing challenges such as limited access to social services like education and health services, low self-esteem, severe poverty, lack of genuine interaction with the rest of the peoples of the study area and low level of motivation to enhance their level of wellbeing.

This study was conducted to explore the causes and effects of marginalization and social inequality that characterizes ‘Wood Workers’ minority group in Gurage Zone, south-central Ethiopia. It carefully examines the overall living situations of ‘Wood Workers’ in terms of economic, social and political aspects within the socio-cultural context of the host society. Traditionally, this group lost the rights and privileges in the society at large and they are not equally treated similar to other groups. In this study, a qualitative methodological approach is employed in extracting information from different sources on the subject in question. The study relied mainly on primary and secondary sources. Based on the findings, as far as the causes of marginalization is concerned, the norms, beliefs and the way of life that defines the ‘Wood Workers’ and the roles they undertake in the society have been seen as extremely important factors. Moreover, the causes, levels and effects of marginalization and social inequality of these minority groups are multifaceted and alarming. Regarding the effects of marginalization, the ‘Wood Workers’ have been facing challenges such as limited access to social services like education and health services, low self-esteem, severe poverty, lack of genuine interaction with the rest of the peoples of the study area and low level of motivation to enhance their level of wellbeing.

The present study aims to examine the influence of father’s and mother’s demographic characteristics in positive and negative parenting practices. Research sample consisted of 480 married parents who had children in the public primary school 6 – 12 years old. 68% of parents resided in urban areas, 75% were mothers, 72% had one or two children, 65% of parents were higher educated and 70% of parents had medium and high family income. Parents completed Alabama Parenting Questionnaire which refers to positive and negative parenting practices that parents adopt to raise their children. Research findings showed that parents’ gender, age, family income, residence, educational level and the number of children in the family and children’ gender are factors that affected parents’ effectiveness. Results indicated that mothers were more involved in their children lives and applied more positive parenting practices than fathers. Also, parent’s educational level, family income and parents’ residence were a significand’s factors in parenting practices. Findings reveal that higher educated parents, parents with higher family income, parents who lived in urban areas, parents who raised a girl and parents who have one or two children were more involved in their parental role, applied more positive parenting disciplines, they provided more mentoring / supervision to their children, used less corporal punishment and applied more other parenting techniques & disciplines (except corporal punishment) to their children. Furthermore, younger mothers seem to used more inconsistent and negative discipline and corporal punishment to their children than older mother. Results from this study can be used to design and implement parenting training programs to support and enchase parental role.

E-learning has recently been given much attention in Higher Education (HE) in Morocco. This article has to do with students’ reflections on using technology in online classes for one semester during the emergency of Covid-19 pandemic. The research design for this study is qualitative in which unstructured interview was used to collect data from thirty-two Master Program students at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences of Dhar Mehraz at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Morocco as a convenient sampling. The thematic analysis was used to analyze the retrieved data via e-mails. The findings of this study indicate that online learning for master students in Morocco was not as effective as in face-to-face instructions. It was also found that master students encountered many challenges in online classes during the unexpected circumstances of the pandemic due to the unpreparedness of the educational system, which paves the way to some recommendations in the field of online teaching/learning classes.

Controversial policies in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia have become the subject of discussion in online media and social media. The subject of this discussion became a cyberwarfare (war of information), especially in social media which resulted in changes and shifts in public opinion towards the government. Cyberwar that occurs in online media is played by the political buzzer which aims to spread negative propaganda against the government so that it threatens national sovereignty and resilience. The increasingly widespread distribution causes high pressure from the public to immediately take extreme steps to prevent the spread from spreading further. Through social media platforms, there is a cyberwar between netizens to form arguments and discourses that can influence public opinion. Freedom of expression in the use of social media is used as a gap for buzzers to agitate and propaganda to win a cyberwar.

This research examined civic education and leadership: the nexus in good governance. The research focused on the leadership crises being experienced in many countries, states, communities, institutions, and even churches, in the world today. The leadership impasse is more predominant in third-world countries. This study provided elucidation of concepts of civic education and leadership, investigated the relationship between civic education and leadership, the impact of civic education on leadership traits, the nexible role of civic education and good leadership in good governance. It revealed that the leadership crises at different strata, levels and contexts are a function of absence of civic education in schools. It contended that civic education is the only solution to varying leadership challenges, especially in Africa and Nigeria. In order to give credence to our arguments, the research used the functional theory of leadership which argues that the essence of leadership is to provide necessities and needs of a group, and that a leader is acknowledged as having done his job well only when he has contributed to the group’s effectiveness and cohesion. The researcher recommended, among others, conscious efforts to inculcate in young students/children the value of civic responsibilities which breeds good leadership and good governance.

The issue of borders is a factor that can threaten the sovereignty of a country because it has an impact from traditional and non -traditional angles. This study is conducting to examine the impact of the relocation of the Indonesian capital on the security of East Malaysia. This is because the relocation plan involves a large and comprehensive development increase. The literature review of this study is divided into three, namely (1) The relocation of the Indonesian capital (Jakarta) to Kalimantan, (2) Security issues that exist between Malaysia-Indonesia due to the relocation of the Indonesian capital to the province of Kalimantan and (3) Security impact to Malaysia due to the relocation of the Indonesian capital to Kalimantan. The objectives of this study are to identify security threats that exist on the Sarawak-Kalimantan border, to study the impact of the Indonesian capital on national security in East Malaysia and to analyze the actions of the Malaysian government to improve security in East Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative method in which part of the data is collected through secondary data obtained through a library study. These include scholarly books, journal articles, confidential reports released (public domain) as well as the security and defense policies of a government. While the primary data was obtained through face-to-face interviews with experts and officials directly involved in the topic of study from Malaysia and Indonesia. The conclusion of the survey is that there are traditional and non -traditional threats at the border. The relocation of the Indonesian capital has had a political, economic and security impact on East Malaysia. The Malaysian government is adding security personnel to be on alert along the border as well as establishing closer diplomatic relations with Indonesia.

This study explains findings in the field related to the conditions faced by former terror perpetrators after undergoing a period of deradicalization. This study seeks to answer the question, “how is the forecasting of the typology of desistance from terrorism from terrorists who have stopped?” There are new findings related to forecasting conditions or events that can be a catalyst for former terrorists to return to commit acts of terror again. The forecast will include the development of idling mode conditions that tend to be experienced by former terror perpetrators. After idling mode, the catalyst event was found that encourages former terrorists to return to action. This condition is also inseparable from the influence of globalization which has resulted in a lot of information, in which former perpetrators of terror are involved and have a role in the organization of terrorism. On the other hand, there are conditions of former terrorists trapped in ‘dependence states’ of terrorist organizations, which causes them to be unable to escape from terrorist activities. This analysis is based on the findings of focus group discussions conducted in as many as three meetings. This focus group discussion has engaged practitioners and stakeholders related to the handling and countermeasures of terrorism and radicalism. In addition, to get comprehensive data, focus group discussion has also involved former perpetrators of terrorism as a credible choice.

This study aims to examine the differences in student learning outcomes between classes that use educational games and those that do not use games in social studies lessons. The subjects in this study were 103 fifth grade elementary school students in Magelang Regency. The data in this study is quantitative data. The instrument used to collect quantitative data is a learning outcome test consisting of 45 questions in the form of a multiple choice test. The results of the study, based on the results of statistical tests with the help of the SPSS 22 program, obtained a significance level of 0.000 less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) or tcount > ttable for the acquisition of learning outcomes, namely 6.025 > 1.678. This shows that the value of Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted or that there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the experimental class and the control class. As well as, The post-test average score of experimental class students learning outcomes was higher with a score of 83.96 compared to the control class with a score of 76.48. Thus, learning with the help of Android-based educational game media is more effective than classes that do not use Android-based educational game media.

Language plays diverse significant roles in identity construction. It is not just a means of communication but can also be used to express oneself through a given language in a given community. The English language is essential in shaping first-year university students identities. This case study explores how these students construct their identities by following a group of first-year university students who attend the English studies at Moulay Ismail University, FLHS, Meknes in Morocco. This study mainly examines the relationship between identity construction and English language learning. It employs Lave and Wengers (1998) framework of communities of practice as the theoretical foundation to investigate how these university students identities are constructed. It also followed a qualitative research design involving semi-structured data collection interviews. A thematic analysis was used to understand how first-year university students constructed their identities in English language learning in the university context. The study findings indicate that first-year university students perceived English language learning as an investment, displaying a close relationship between English language learning and their identity construction. This paper also suggests that English language learning is a complicated practice of obtaining a set of language abilities and knowledge through which these students identities are continually constructed and reconstructed. The results of this study have substantial implications for English teaching and learning in Moroccan universities.

The background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students that caused students to be still less active in asking questions and discussions, lack understanding of learning, and lack of students cooperation in group activities, resulting in low student learning outcomes. The method is classroom action research. The classroom action used three cycles in fifth-grade students of SDN Mantuil 4 Banjarmasin in order to improve learning process, particularly in students learning result individually and classical students improvement. The result showed that with the combination of group investigation, numbered heads together, and scramble got good in first meeting, good in second meeting, excellent in third meeting, little active in first meaning, little active in second meeting, almost active in third meeting. The classical students learning results was 75,00% in the first meeting, 82,00% in the second meeting, and 93,00% in third meeting with complete criteria.

The importance of education personnels service quality through instilling good technical skills in the faculty is crucial. It effects individual performance and total organizational performance and eventually has an impact on increasing service quality. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the direct and indirect correlation among technical skills, work environment, achievement motivation, and educational staff members service quality. This study employed a quantitative method with facto exposure. The participants in this study were 128 educational staff members from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education from eleven sub-sections. Proportional random sampling was utilized as the sample method. With 98 participants, the number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of technical skills (16 items), work environment (24 items), achievement motivation (32 items), and service quality (24 items). This research instrument was tested for the level of validity and reliability using the product moment correlation test person. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see direct and indirect correlations between variables, by first conducting normality and linearity tests. The results showed that there was a direct and indirect correlation between technical skills, work environment and achievement motivation on service quality.

Managerial Skills, Work Commitment, and Motivation have direct and indirect effects on teacher discipline, according to this study. This study employs a quantitative methodology. The study included 144 teachers from seven Madrasahs, for a total sample size of 105 persons, as determined by the Slovin formula. Proportional random sampling is used for sampling. The Madrasah Principal Managerial Skills (40 items), work commitment (35 items), motivation (45 items), and work discipline instruments were used to collect data (40 items). The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed, and the Pearson product moment correlation was used to examine the data. By first verifying normality, linearity, homogeneity, and multicollinearity, the data collected was analyzed to find the direct and indirect correlation among variables. The findings revealed that principal managerial skills, work commitment, and motivation had direct and indirect effects on teacher discipline.

This paper aims to investigate the use of Cue Card Media to facilitate the improvement in the English speaking competence through storytelling based on the recount text at the grade 10 students of SMK 1 public vocational high school using Cue Card Media. This Classroom Action Research employed four main stages by Kemmis and McTaggarts (2014) model, including planning, action, observation, and reflection. The present proposed CAR study was undertaken at the SMK 1 public vocational high school Gorontalo as the site for this study, with the grade ten students majoring the program stream of travel business or Usaha Perjalanan Wisata (henceforth UPW) being the subject of this study. The data in this research were collected by using several instruments, to include checklist observation, questionnaire, and speaking test. Further, the analysis reports of this CAR study relied heavily upon the qualitative interpretation, whilst quantitative served to strengthen the qualitative data interpretations. The results found that the application of the Cue Card successfully enhanced students speaking skills by 26.28% statistically, with 55.56% in the first cycle and 81.84% in the second cycle. Following the open-ended survey questionnaires, it appeared that due to the efficacy of Cue Cards, these attractive speaking media benefitted students when it comes to speaking performance activities, yet the drawbacks of Cue Card learning media in speaking were also recognized. Discussions as to how Cue Cards may develop the practice of speaking instruction were also provided. This study adds to the growing pool of literature on the Cue Card implementation in the teaching of speaking skills in English.

This study tries to analyze the correlation between the principals instructional leadership, teacher work commitment and teacher work discipline with student achievement. This research approach is quantitative with facto exposure. The population of this study was 95 people from 12 elementary schools, and the results of the sample calculation were 77 people. The data collection technique used a likert scale questionnaire which was distributed to the sample. Analysis of research results used descriptive statistics, simple regression, path analysis and multiple regression using SPSS Window Version 25. The data was carried out using instruments consisting of instruments of institutional leadership (24 items), Work Commitment (26 items), Work Discipline (45 items) and Student Learning Achievement instruments (18 items). The instrument of this research was tested for the level of validity and reliability and analyzed using product moment person correlation. The research data were analyzed by using path analysis to see the direct effect showing that there was a direct and indirect correlation between instructional leadership, work commitment, work discipline, and student achievement.

Photography is a form of nonverbal communication in visual form, and an intermediary medium to interpret something, a form of expression, and to create, produce, and change meaning or reality. On this basis, this study examines the representation of President Jokowis photographic text in online media news. The purpose in the photography represents the similarity of meaning patterns to photography in the era of President Sukarno, who always carried the ideology of marhaenism, which took the concept of creativity. Through qualitative text analysis on photography in online media, we will examine the image of the marhaenis ideology that underlies President Jokowis populist concept. The purpose of this study is to disassemble the representation of the meaning of the ideology of marhaenism in Joko Widodos photo in Online Media and to examine the design of an image that is full of imagery meaning in influencing choices in the presidential election that has been held and won by Jokowi. The theories used in this research are social semiotics (Theo van Leeuwen and Gunter Kress) and gestalt theory. The approach in this research is qualitative text analysis with exploratory type. The method used is the method of critical social semiotic analysis. This research data was obtained directly from the observation of the research object by downloading, observing, and analyzing photo data of Joko Widodo and Sukarno, which had visual similarities in online media. Next, the researcher observes, records the signs, analyzes, and discusses the selected photos. The results of this study indicate that Joko Widodo has since started his presidential candidacy campaign until now with the help of the success team or communication team or consistently reproduces images from Sukarnos photographs. Sukarnos picture and the concept of marhaenism have been adopted, produced, and harmonized with Joko Widodo. Joko Widodo, through his photo, managed to bring back memories of the steps of the proclaimer of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno and the ideology of marhaenism he created.

The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the variables of the principals instructional ability, work environment, job satisfaction, teacher performance. This research study employed a quantitative with correlational technique that is revealing causality among variables. The research population was 147 teachers from 15 state elementary schools in Cempaka District. The research sample was 108 people who were selected by proportional random sampling. Data collection using instrument were consisted of instructional ability (35 items), work environment (35 items), job satisfaction (35 items) and teacher performance (48 items). The research instrument has been tested for validity and reliability by using path analysis. The results showed that instructional ability had a direct influence on teacher performance, work environment had a direct influence on teacher performance, job satisfaction had a direct influence on teacher performance, instructional ability had a direct influence on the work environment, job satisfaction had a direct influence on the work environment, instructional ability has an indirect effect on teacher performance through the work environment and job satisfaction has an indirect effect on teacher performance through job satisfaction.

Modern trends in intercultural education and the free choice of curricula and resources for the development of intercultural competence of students in higher education require the use of active and innovative teaching methods based on a results-oriented competency approach. Along with the diversity of all its components, the formation of communicative competence in a foreign language, i.e. intercultural competence, becomes the main goal of teaching foreign languages in universities. It should be noted that the name of intercultural competence means the ability to realize oneself within the framework of dialogue of cultures. The development of students intercultural communication skills through the case method puts a great responsibility on teachers. G. Huseynzadeh writes in this regard: The need for teachers is growing during this process. Teachers must be able to bring the language culture they are learning and the country they are learning to the audience. The teacher must have knowledge of the culture of his country and all English-speaking cultures. The teacher must also be willing to share his knowledge with students.

This study focuses to describe the effect of: principals transformational leadership on work performance; the principals transformational leadership towards work discipline; emotional intelligence on teacher work performance; emotional intelligence on work discipline; work discipline on work performance; transformational leadership of school principals through work discipline on work performance; and emotional intelligence through work discipline on teacher performance. The population of this study was 281 teachers. The research sample was 165 teachers who were selected using proportionate random sampling technique. The data of this study was collected by using an instrument consisting of work performance (40 items), transformational leadership of the principal (48 items), work discipline (40 items), and emotional intelligence (40 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study found that there were influences: the principals transformational leadership on teacher work performance; the principals transformational leadership towards teacher work discipline; emotional intelligence on teacher work performance; emotional intelligence on teacher work discipline; teacher work discipline on teacher work performance; transformational leadership of school principals on work performance through teacher work discipline; and emotional intelligence on work performance through teacher work discipline.

Vanity Fair is a masterpiece by William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863), which is centered on the lives of two young women, Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley, presenting the life of extravagance and rivalry of the aristocratic bourgeoisie in nineteenth-century England. In the novel, Thackeray ruthlessly exposes the shameless and degenerate nature of the feudal aristocracy and the hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie in their pursuit of fame and fortune. During the Victorian period, consumerism prevailed. The circulation of commodities was well developed, and people at that time indulged in the revelry of the material world. As long as capital exists, commodities are bound to be an eternal element in the development of human society. This paper focuses on the female protagonist Becky in Vanity Fair by adopting the methods of literature research and textual analysis, revealing Thackerays portrayal of commodified interpersonal relationships in the novelas well as the karmic consequences of such aberrant relationships in order to warn contemporary people on the Fair.

An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro is set at the end of World War II. It reveals the psychological trauma caused by the war, the self-help method adopted by the characters to heal themselves, concerning idealized images and Japanese moral narratives, which are consistent with the narrative ways adopted by the contemporary Japanese government to deal with the negative effects of war. The novel creates a positive imageby means of morality and memory interweaving, half true and half false, avoiding the serious and taking the light to demonstrate the mainstream memory which is more acceptable to himself and the public. In dealing with the moral conflicts of war trauma, the protagonist of An Artist of the Floating World creates idealized image through using Japanese moral narratives to shape and strengthen it.When his moral conflict, his idealized image, and his real self can not be reconciled, the house and pub provide him a stage to escape from reality, to hypnotize himself through his own achievement, to ignore his own impact on the war, to reshape his heroic image with Japanese heroic narrative. For the reader, through the repetition and emphasis of the prosperous and the modified description of the house and Kawakamis Pub, Onos career and contribution are also enhanced, his own achievements are exaggerated, and militarism behaviors are blurred so as to make the effect of diverting the readers attention from Onos sins that urge war outbreak, add fuel to the destruction caused by the war which is highly s similar to the application of the Yasukuni Shrine in current Japanese political strategy. On the basis of examining the contents mentioned above, which reflect the nations way of coping with the war trauma from the perspective of individuals, this study attempts to help people better understand the continuity and complexity of the negative effects of war. Meanwhile, it hopes that the Japanese government can transmit the negative information of war more objectively so as to have a clearer and more reasonable identity.

Performance is a work achievement or a persons work based on the quality achieved in carrying out the responsibilities received. Teacher performance is a determining factor in achieving educational goals. Factors that affect performance include: teacher competence, teacher work discipline and teacher work motivation. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of teacher competence, teacher work discipline and teacher work motivation on performance. This research approach is quantitative. The population of this study was 180 people from 18 elementary schools. The sampling technique used is Proportional Random Sampling. The number of samples was determined based on the Sloving formula with 150 respondents. collecting data using a questionnaire consisting of teacher competence (14 items), work discipline (15 items), work motivation (8 items), teacher performance (16 items). This research instrument tested the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect effects between variables, by first testing normality, linearity, and homogeneity. The results showed that there was a direct and indirect influence between the influence of teacher competence, work discipline and work motivation on teacher performance. The analysis of the research results used descriptive statistics, simple regression, path analysis and multiple regression using SPSS Window Version 25. The results showed that there was an influence between: (1) teacher competence on teacher performance of 0.871, (2) work discipline on teacher performance of 0.871. 0.991, (3) work motivation on teacher performance of 0.892, (4) teacher competence on work discipline of 0.882, (5) teacher competence on work motivation of 0.884, (6) teacher competency on teacher performance through work discipline of 0.874 ( 7) teacher competence on teacher performance through work motivation of 0.868. Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested several things such as: (1) Teachers as educators should be more active in an effort to improve teacher performance, (2) Teachers in schools should increase discipline and motivation at work, (3) educational institutions should provide opportunities for teachers to develop themselves, (4) this research should be used as a reference and a reference for conducting research that is still related.

Teacher is one of the most important components in education. Teachers are the foundation of all educational activities, particularly those involving the teaching and learning process in schools. As a result, it is crucial to increase teacher performance in order to improve education. The effectiveness of teachers is a key aspect in attaining educational objectives. The purpose of this research is to look into the direct and indirect links between transformational leadership, spirit, work commitment, and teacher performance. This study employs a quantitative method with facto exposure. This study included 276 participants from 24 State Junior High Schools. Proportional random sampling was utilized as the sample method. With 1 63 respondents, the number of samples was obtained using the Slovin formula. The data was obtained using a questionnaire consisting of transformational leadership (48 items), spirit (39 items), work commitment (25 items), teacher performance using teacher performance assessment (78 items). This research instrument tested the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see direct and indirect correlations between variables, by first doing normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. The results of the study show that there is a direct and indirect correlation between transformational leadership, spirit, work commitment and teacher performance.

This article deals with the interconnected study of language and gender. The article discusses the differences and similarities of linguistic units that verbalize the concept of gender in English and Uzbek languages. The issues of gender field, in particular, classification of gender verbalizers according to linguistic hierarchy were described. While the current results indicate that there are differences in gender expression in English and Uzbek languages, they cannot answer the question of the process by which these differences arise or whether language systems play a causal role.

As a representative work by Virginia Woolf, Orlando depicts the legendary life experience of Orlando, a nobleman, as long as four hundred years. Orlando grows up in self-contradiction and social contradiction, and finally realizes self-knowledge and the value of life. All characters in this work have distinctive characteristics, strong emotional color, revealing gender differences, reconstruction of gender by society and self and gender aesthetic diversity. Based on literature analysis and text research, this paper tries to use Woolfs androgyny theory to analyze the gender fluid of protagonist in Orlando. The main purpose of the study is to help readers understand the work better, grasp deeper connotation of literary works and have a deeper comprehension of gender differences and the gender identity.

Research on the influence of the lecture and discussion methods on youth in the dawah process using experiments through lectures and discussions, the sample used was 60 teenagers with analysis of grouping test items, pretest, treatment, posttest and Chi Square Test. Based on the research results, namely; The lecture method has an effect on increasing the religious knowledge of teenagers in the Fastabiqul Khaerat Study Group, the dissection method has an effect on increasing the religious knowledge of the teenagers in the Fastabiqul Khaerat Study Group. Although the lectgture method and the discussion method have an influence on increasing the religious knowledge of teenagers in the dawah process, there are differences in influence between the two methods. The results of the descriptive-inferential statistical test showed that the discussion method was more effective than the lecture method in increasing the religious knowledge of teenagers who took part in dawah at the Fastabiqul Khaerat Study Group. This is evidenced by the existence of a significant difference between the average posttest score for adolescents who follow the dawah using the lecture method and the posttest average score for adolescents who follow the dawah using the discussion method. In this case, the posttest mean of the discussion group was convincingly higher than that of the lecture group.

Authority is likening to a driving agent, which is divine or human. By experimental and analytical method, we explore the magisterial interpretation by evaluating modern trends on the application of authority. Research examines the Christian teachings from the Bible and Sacred Tradition. Jesus Christ had taught the principle of pragmatic authority based on Servant Leadership at the washing of His Disciples’ feet. The quest for a Servant Leader: to feed the poor, to protect orphans, to fight for justice in Africa; is value-style of leadership in the 21st century world.

The rapid spread of mobile messaging applications like WhatsApp has its impact on generating special linguistic features archetypal for this type of Computer Mediated Discourse. This study investigates Whatsapp digital language from a discourse analysis approach. The study aims at analyzing the linguistic features and the functions of WhatsApp language among undergraduate students in Mount Kenya University. The study employed a descriptive research design that utilized qualitative research methods. The study employed Computer Mediated Discourse analysis framework. The findings of the study revealed that The findings of the study revealed that linguistic features of WhatsApp digital language are characterized by the use of casual speech and a netlingo among undergraduate students. Linguistic features were reflected in terms of contractions, phonetic spellings, abbreviations, regiolectal contractions, emoticons/Emojis and Punctuation Marks. The data examined revealed that language plays a key role in social media as it is the form of communication. The data revealed the following functions of language: phatic function of language for social connection, Interactional function of language for friendship maintenance, Informational function of language, directive function of language and multlingual function of language. The study recommends that that educators should reconsider how they respond to this new form of writing since the study shows how students are using WhatsApp digital language for academic purposes. The study adds knowledge to linguistics, Computer Mediated Discourse and language and communication.

The China-Taiwan conflict has again caught the worlds attention. This is marked by increased Chinese military activity in Taiwans airspace, which is claimed as an effort to maintain stability. On the other hand, Taiwan vehemently rejects Chinas actions and considers such actions a violation of its sovereignty. The tensions between China and Taiwan, as well as the tendency of the United States (US) deportment towards the situation, are caused by Taiwan having an important role in the region. The US also has good interests with Taiwan as well as the Region and then paid attention to the conflict between China-Taiwan. The attitude shown by the US in the midst of the China-Taiwan tempest is of course within the framework of its rivalry with China in the region. The most important thing for countries in the region is that the China-Taiwan conflict does not develop into an open conflict, because this can have an impact on regional security.

This study aims to determine and analyze the direct and indirect correlation between the principal leadership and work culture through work motivation on job satisfaction. This research is a descriptive correlation al research with path analysis. The research sample was 167 people. The data was collected using instruments consisting of principals leadership (26 items), work culture (15 items), work motivation (23 items), job satisfaction (22 items) that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis of this research used path analysis. The results showed that there was a correlation between the principal leadership and work culture through work motivation on job satisfaction, either directly or indirectly.

Among numerous problems of education in Indonesia, one of them is the effectiveness of teachers work. The quality of an educational institution is strongly influenced by the effectiveness of the work of teachers, and there are other factors such as organizational climate, emotional intelligence and professional competence. Based on the results of preliminary study through observations, the level of teacher effectiveness is still not maximized, such as teacher preparation in learning, utilization of media and learning resources, innovation in developing teaching materials, and the ability of teachers to develop self-quality. Therefore, this current study aims to analyze the direct and indirect contribution between organizational climate and emotional intelligence through professional competence on work effectiveness. This study used a quantitative approach, with facto exposure. The population of this study was 300 people from 32 elementary schools. The sampling technique used was a proportional random sampling. The number of samples was determined based on the Slovin formula with 171 respondents. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of organizational climate (20 items), emotional intelligence (40 items), professional competence (36 items) and work effectiveness (30 items). This research instrument has been already tested for the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The data in this study were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect contributions between variables, by first using normality, homogeneity, and multicollinearity tests. The results showed that there were direct and indirect contributions between organizational climate, emotional intelligence, professional competence and work effectiveness.

This study aims to determine and analyze the direct and indirect effects of instructional leadership, work climate and work motivation on commitment to organizational citizenship behavior on teachers at MTsN in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. This research study is correlational research with path analysis. The population of this study was 350 teachers from 12 MTsN with a sample technique of 187 people. It used a proportional random sampling. Data was collected using instruments consisting of principals instructional leadership instrument (28 items), work climate instrument (24 items), work motivation instrument (28 items) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior instrument (18 items). The instruments were tested for validity and reliability and analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that there were direct and indirect effects of instructional leadership, work climate and work motivation on teacher organizational citizenship behavior.

This study aims to find and analyze the correlation among teacher professionalism, work motivation and work discipline on teacher performance. This research study uses a descriptive correlational research. The research population was 152 with a research sample of 110 people. The data was collected using instruments consisting of teacher professionalism (43 items), work motivation (24 items), work discipline (35 items), teacher performance (23 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis of this research used path analysis. The results of the study showed that teacher professionalism has a relationship with work discipline, work motivation has a relationship with work discipline, work discipline has a relationship with teacher performance, teacher professionalism has a relationship with teacher performance, work motivation has a relationship with teacher performance, teacher professionalism has a relationship with teacher performance, and work motivation has a relationship with work discipline.

This study was conducted to describe the principals transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, and organizational commitment to determine the direct relationship of the principals transformational leadership with teacher performance; interpersonal communication with teacher performance; organizational commitment with teacher performance; and the indirect relationship among principals transformational leadership, organizational commitment and teacher performance; interpersonal communication, organizational commitment with teacher performance. The population in this study was 176 teachers with a sample of 122 teachers using proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of transformational leadership of school principals (20 items); interpersonal communication (20 items); organizational commitment (26 items); and teacher performance (20 items). Analysis of this research study data using path analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between transformational leadership and teacher performance; interpersonal communication with teacher performance, and organizational commitment with teacher performance and there is a relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment with teacher performance, interpersonal communication, organizational commitment with teacher performance at State Elementary Schools in Paringin District, Balangan Regency.

The main key in improving the quality of education is the optimization of human resources, namely teachers. Teacher performance is one of the factors determinant of the success of any educational effort , but there are other factors such as the principals transformational leadership, job satisfaction and work motivation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of: principals transformational leadership on teacher performance; satisfaction with teacher performance; motivation on teacher performance; the principals transformational leadership on job satisfaction, the principals transformational leadership on work motivation; the principals transformational leadership on performance through job satisfaction; and principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work motivation. The population of this study was 180 teachers in 22 schools with a research sample of 124 teachers using proportional random sampling technique. The data in this study was collected using instruments consisting of principals transformational leadership (30 items), job satisfaction (20 items), work motivation (27 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. Meanwhile, teacher performance uses teacher documentation. The researchers analyzed the data by using path analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of the principals transformational leadership on teacher performance, job satisfaction on teacher performance, motivation on teacher performance, principals transformational leadership on job satisfaction, principals transformational leadership on work motivation, job satisfaction was an intermediary for the influence of principals transformational leadership on teacher performance and work motivation is an intermediary of the influence of the principals transformational leadership on teacher performance.

The aim of the research is to examine at the direct and indirect effects of professional competence, job motivation, and work culture on teacher performance. A quantitative technique is used in this research. 193 teachers from 17 schools participated in the study, and 130 people were chosen as research samples based on Cronbachs Error and proportionate random selection. Professional competence (30 questions), work motivation (35 items), work culture (30 items), and teacher performance (48 items) are among the items that have been examined for validity and reliability using a questionnaire instrument. The descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and path analysis were employed in the data analysis. The findings of this study indicate that professional competence, job motivation, and workplace culture have an impact on performance. Job culture is influenced by factors such as professional competency and work motivation. Teacher performance is influenced by professional competence and job motivation, both of which are influenced by work culture.

Until now the quality of education is still not as expected, and one of the factors of the quality of education is the performance of teachers in school organizations. Other factors that influence teacher performance include the principal instructional leadership, achievement motivation, and job satisfaction. As a result, this study aims to analyze the direct and indirect correlation between the principal instructional leadership, achievement motivation, and teacher performance through job satisfaction. The method used in this research was a descriptive correlation with a quantitative approach which is formulated into a path analysis model. The research population was 384 teachers from 41 elementary schools in Kandangan District and the research sample was 196 using the proportional allocation formula. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of principal instructional leadership (40 items), achievement motivation (40 items) and job satisfaction (40 items) using a questionnaire instrument that has passed the validity and reliability test using the product moment person correlation. Meanwhile, teacher performance data (51 items) were taken from the teacher assessment performance documentation. The stages of data analysis started from descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, hypothesis testing, and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a direct and indirect correlation among the principal instructional leadership, achievement motivation, and teacher performance through job satisfaction.

The DOCAR learning model is a development model to improve the critical thinking skills of first-school students. Where this DOCAR learning model is a contextual problem-based model that is able to improve students critical thinking skills. The subjects of this study were junior high school students in the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation and critical thinking skills tests. The technique of estimating data in this study is (1) instrument validity analysis. To see the validity, reliability of the instrument and analyzed using the interrater correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha (Webb), (2) data analysis of learning implementation. To see the percentage of DOCAR model implementation, (3) analyze student activity. To see student activity, (4) analyze critical thinking skills. To see the influence on learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class, it was analyzed by a t-test for two independent samples (independent sample t-test). This analysis is carried out by comparing the significance values. From the results of the study, it was concluded that there is an influence of the DOCAR learning model on critical thinking ability.

This study aims to analyze the principals communication, organizational climate, work motivation, and job satisfaction; principal communication relationship and job satisfaction; relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction; the relationship between teacher work motivation and job satisfaction; the relationship of principal communication and work motivation; the relationship between organizational climate and work motivation; principal communication relationship and teacher job satisfaction through work motivation; the relationship between organizational climate and teacher job satisfaction through work motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population of this study was 248 people. The research sample was 153 people who were selected by proportional random sampling. The data of this study was collected using a questionnaire instrument consisting of principal communication (17 items), organizational climate (17 items), work motivation (28 items), and job satisfaction (16 items) that have met the validity and reliability test requirements. The data analysis of this research used path analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a direct relationship between principal communication and job satisfaction; organizational climate and job satisfaction; teacher work motivation and job satisfaction; principal communication and work motivation; organizational climate and work motivation; and the indirect relationship between principal communication and teacher job satisfaction through work motivation; organizational climate and teacher job satisfaction through work motivation. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between principal communication, organizational climate, work motivation and job satisfaction of Banjarbaru Senior High School teachers

After students have completed the learning process, several aspects such as cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor characteristics are measured using test instruments or related instruments to determine learning accomplishment in the field of education. The goal of this study was to see how emotional intelligence, learning environments, and stress levels affected student success. The population of this study was 76 students of class X-XII Telecommunication Access Network Engineering Department in Banjarbaru in 2021-2022 academic year. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of emotional intelligence (30 items), learning facilities (10 items), academic stress level (60 items), and learning achievement (average grade point). The method in this study uses a descriptive correlational method using a quantitative approach. Analysis of the data used was path analysis. Based on the results obtained, it is stated that (1) there is a direct insignificant effect of students emotional intelligence on student learning achievement, (2) there is a direct insignificant effect of academic stress levels on student achievement, (3) there is a significant direct influence on facilities. student learning on student achievement, (4) there is a direct insignificant effect of emotional intelligence on the level of academic stress, (5) there is a direct influence that is not significant the influence of learning facilities on the level of academic stress. (6) there is an indirect influence that is not significant the influence of emotional intelligence through the level of academic stress on student learning achievement, (7) there is an indirect and insignificant effect of learning facilities through the level of academic stress on student achievement.

This study aims to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effects of the variables: principals transformational leadership, work ethic, organizational commitment, and teacher performance at State Junior High Schools in Hulu Sungai Tengah. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 519 people. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling determined by Alpha Cronbach with a sample of 226 teachers. Data was collected using instruments consisting of transformational leadership (48 items), work ethic (35 items), and teacher performance (based on the results of PKG) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The study results found that there was a direct influence of the principals transformational leadership on teacher performance and organizational commitment. Moreover, a teachers work ethic directly influences teacher performance and organizational commitment. Then, there was a direct influence of organizational commitment on teacher performance. The indirect effect of principal transformational leadership was analyzed through an organizational commitment to teacher performance and teacher work ethic through an organizational commitment to teacher performance.

This paper aims to know and analyze self-concept in the interaction between students of the earth class of sons and ethnic Chinese in appreciating themselves. The self-concept possessed by ethnic Chinese, although positive, consciously and unconsciously, students seem to show a negative self-concept; as long as they show their self-concept, they want people to accept it. While appreciating themselves, the students of the earth class, the prince is more willing to show their concept of themselves, and they believe in themselves. They hope that there is a positive self-concept in the future so that ethnic interactions do not occur differences and conflicts between ethnicities in their friendships. This research uses qualitative research methods using symbolic self-concept and interactional theory. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and observations.

Teacher professionalism is an important aspect because it determines the quality of the teaching and learning process. However, the fact is that there are still many teachers who are considered to have professionalism that does not meet expectations. From the input-process-output perspective, factors that influence professionalism include transformational leadership, school climate, work motivation, and teacher professionalism. This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship between principals transformational leadership, school climate, work motivation, and teacher professionalism, either directly or indirectly. This research is descriptive correlational research. The study population was 116 people, with a sample of 90 people who were selected using a proportionate random sampling technique. Data was collected using instruments consisting of transformational leadership (23 items), school climate (50 items), work motivation (44 items), and teacher professionalism (45 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed descriptively and path analysis. The study results found that the principals transformational leadership has a relationship with teacher professionalism, and the school climate has a relationship with teacher professionalism. The study results also showed the principals transformational leadership has a relationship with work motivation, school climate has a relationship with work motivation, and work motivation has a relationship with teacher professionalism. Moreover, the work motivation of the teacher is the intermediary of the principals transformational leadership relationship with teacher professionalism and the school climate relationship with work motivation.

Nigeria is one of the most highly indebted countries that have low income growth and low per capita income. Government seems to lack the potentials to generate revenue domestically to meet up with developmental goals and other national in order to attain the desire economic growth. Hence government resorts to borrowing. The paper examines the relationship between domestic debt and economic growth in Nigeria. The results reveal that domestic debt does not have significant impact on economic growth in the short run but significant negative impact in the long-run. The government should therefore monitor the disbursement of loan on real growth- enhancing capital projects instead of recurrent expenditure. Also, government should formulate policies aimed at increasing her ability to generate more revenue to meet her expenditure demand.

Drug smuggling is a case that has often occurred in various countries, especially in the border areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. Drug smuggling can be categorized as a transnational crime. Entikong, one of the border areas between Indonesia and Malaysia, has experienced this case, and every year there is an increase in the number of points. Transboundary crime has become a form of corruption that challenges handling and making existing policies. In an era that is developing rapidly, the methods used in committing crimes are also increasingly diverse. Through this article, The author aims to further examine the policies implemented by the Indonesian and Malaysian governments in dealing with drug smuggling cases in the Entikong area by looking at the development of relations between the two countries in the past. In its framework, this paper uses the theory of transnational crime and the concept of bilateral relations. This research was conducted using an explanatory method with a qualitative approach in which the data received were based on data described in writing. The data is collected through a literature study. Some of the data will come from journals, articles, and other credible sources to see the security factor in the Entikong border area, making drug smuggling cases still occur today. This research was conducted using an explanatory method with a qualitative approach in which the data received were based on data described in writing. The data is collected through a literature study. Some of the data will come from journals, articles, and other credible sources to see the security factor in the Entikong border area, making drug smuggling cases still occur today. This research was conducted using an explanatory method with a qualitative approach in which the data received were based on data described in writing. The data is collected through a literature study. Some of the data will come from journals, articles, and other credible sources to see the security factor in the Entikong border area, making drug smuggling cases still occur today.

Teacher professionalism is an important aspect because it determines the quality of the teaching and learning process. However, the fact is that there are still many teachers who are considered to have professionalism that does not meet expectations. From the input-process-output perspective, factors that influence professionalism include transformational leadership, school climate, work motivation, and teacher professionalism. This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship between principals transformational leadership, school climate, work motivation, and teacher professionalism, either directly or indirectly. This research is descriptive correlational research. The study population was 116 people, with a sample of 90 people who were selected using a proportionate random sampling technique. Data was collected using instruments consisting of transformational leadership (23 items), school climate (50 items), work motivation (44 items), and teacher professionalism (45 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed descriptively and path analysis. The study results found that the principals transformational leadership has a relationship with teacher professionalism, and the school climate has a relationship with teacher professionalism. The study results also showed the principals transformational leadership has a relationship with work motivation, school climate has a relationship with work motivation, and work motivation has a relationship with teacher professionalism. Moreover, the work motivation of the teacher is the intermediary of the principals transformational leadership relationship with teacher professionalism and the school climate relationship with work motivation.

Excellent curriculum management will produce excellent quality graduates so that new values and services are continuously created so that human life is more harmonious and sustainable and can become a driving force for society 5.0, a super-intelligent society. SDN 2 Tanjung and SD SILN Kuala Lumpur are excellent schools but have different backgrounds and atmospheres. SDN 2 Tanjung is an Indonesian school located in the country, while SD SILN Kuala Lumpur is abroad. There are striking differences in the background of the atmosphere, so the context in this excellent school research will contain two cases of schools with different backgrounds. This study aims to describe the management of a excellent school curriculum, which will contain two cases. The research used is qualitative with the type of multi-case study. The research instrument is the researcher himself. Data collection using in-depth interviews. Participation observation and documentation. Research respondents use key informants with the snowball sampling technique. The data in this study were collected with guide interviews, observation, and documentation which included curriculum management consisting of planning consisting of 10 items, implementation consisting of 11 items, the assessment system consisting of 6 items, and teacher professional development as curriculum implementer consisting of 2 items. The data analysis technique used the Miles & Huberman (1992) model. The validity of the data used the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The study concludes that the management of the excellent school curriculum at SDN 2 Tanjung is by internalizing culture, while the curriculum management of the SILN Kuala Lumpur Elementary School is by harmonizing the curriculum.

The use of regional retribution funds as local revenue for infrastructure development in the region is an essential concern for the government. Still, suppose the infrastructure already exists, and the user community has to make payments for the use of infrastructure or roads in the village of Rasan. In that case, it will cause various problems such as public objections. How is the analysis of public policy based on deliberative democracy on user fees for using the Rasan Village road, Landak Regency, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze public policies based on deliberative democracy on user fees for using streets in Rasan Village, Landak Regency. Using the research method of literature study, namely by looking for sources of information, both from books and related journals, using the retribution for the use of the Rasan Village road.

Nowadays, the rapid development of information and technology makes daily work easier and more flexible—no exception for a notary. A notarys authority is to make an authentic deed that must be attended by the appearers and witnessed by witnesses. However, the widespread use of technology and information can allow notaries to exercise their authority through electronic media or cyber notary. It was a normative study with statutory and conceptual approaches. This study technique used a literature study, and the analysis technique used a deductive reasoning pattern. The conclusion was that the laws and regulations in Indonesia did not regulate electronic deeds, so electronic deeds were not valid. Therefore, if the appearers can appear electronically, then supporting tools and systems are needed to minimize the falsification of the electronic appearers presence.

Rape, according to the Criminal Code, is forcing sexual relations outside of marriage so that if rape occurs in marriage, it is not rape. Marital rape has become a case of domestic violence in which few victims want to speak up. This writing uses a normative juridical method by using a literature study. Indonesia regulates the issue of Marital rape by using Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, this law provides sanctions for perpetrators of rape, but with many assumptions that in domestic relations, it is natural for sexual relations to occur, this invalidates the assumption that husband can rape the wife. This left many victims speechless. Therefore, a countermeasures policy is needed to provide a way out through penal means using legal channels and non-penal means by using settlements outside the law. The integration between penal and non-penal means can reduce marital rape cases.

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect link between principle administrative activities and academic supervision activities in Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency, and the performance of elementary school teachers. There are 251 teachers in the population. Simple proportional random selection was used to choose 154 teachers from 24 schools for the study. Data was collected using instruments that have been evaluated for validity and reliability. It included 40 items of major management actions, 30 items of academic supervision, 35 items of organizational atmosphere, and teacher performance (based on PKG scores). The researchers employed path analysis to analyze the research data. The results of the study established that there was a direct relationship among principal managerial activities, academic supervision and organizational climate with teacher performance. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between principal managerial activities and academic supervision through organizational climate with teacher performance.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the principals transformational leadership, teacher professionalism, discipline, and teacher work climate. This study uses the regression method with path analysis. The study population was 314 teachers, and a sample of 176 respondents was taken using a simple proportionate random sampling technique. Data collection uses an instrument using a scale Likert. The questionnaire consists of a principal transformational leadership questionnaire (35 items), teacher professionalism (30 items), discipline (32 items), and work climate (35 items). The instrument was tested for validity and reliability and analyzed using path analysis. The study results found a direct relationship between the principals transformational leadership, discipline, and work climate with teacher professionalism; there was an indirect relationship between the principals leadership through field and work climate with teacher professionalism.

Teachers performance is a depiction of them carrying out learning activities. Since performance difficulties are linked to the productivity of institutions and organizations, they are extremely essential. Spiritual intelligence, motivation, and discipline all have a role in performance. This study aims to describe the direct and indirect relationship between: spiritual intelligence with teacher performance, work motivation with teacher performance, work discipline with teacher performance, spiritual intelligence with work discipline, work motivation with work discipline, spiritual intelligence with teacher performance through work discipline, work motivation with teacher performance through work discipline. The participants in this study were 199 teachers. The research sample consisted of 113 persons who were picked using Cronbachs Alpha to determine proportionate random sampling. Data was gathered using measures that assessed for validity and reliability and included spiritual intelligence (37 questions), job motivation (51 items), work discipline (42 items), and instructor performance (48 items). Path analysis was used to examine the research data. Spiritual intelligence has a direct relationship with teacher performance, work motivation has a direct relationship with teacher performance, work discipline has a direct relationship with teacher performance, spiritual intelligence has a direct relationship with work discipline, work motivation has a direct relationship with work discipline, intelligence spirituality has an indirect relationship with teacher performance through work, and spiritual intelligence has a direct relationship with work discipline.

This article discusses the modern technologies and methods of music education. It is important to note that the use of innovative technologies in the development of musical skills should focus on the individual characteristics of students, the specifics of the field of music education, the content of educational tasks and exercises. The article also discusses how teachers can use information technology to organize and manage the learning process using computer technology.

Concerned by the dismal performance of Nigerias industrial sector as evidenced by the sectors inauspicious and uneven contributions to the countrys aggregate output and total government earnings, this study has been embarked upon to examine the impact of crude oil price volatility on industrial output in Nigeria. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was employed in estimating the time series data used in the study which spans from 1981–2019. The Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model was estimated to capture crude oil price fluctuations and government oil revenue fluctuations by obtaining the conditional variances from the estimated results. The study found that crude oil price fluctuation has negative impact on industrial output, while an increase in government oil revenue fluctuation results in a significant decrease in industrial output. It was also found that an increase in unearned government oil revenue leads to an insignificant decrease in industrial output, while government recurrent expenditure exerts positive but insignificant impact on industrial output. Domestic investment was found to have a positive and significant impact on industrial output while population growth has a positive and significant impact on industrial output. The study concludes that it is governments financial imprudence that allows oil price volatility to be hazardous to Nigerias industrial output. It recommends more effective export diversification policies and a pro-development government financial structure that takes erratic oil revenue and inimical effects of high unproductive expenditures into account.

This study assessed the compliance of public institutions with corporate governance processes in Nigeria. The survey research design was employed in the study. Primary data was collected through the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire to the Finance and Accounts, Internal Audit and senior level management staff. The main instrument for the collection was a structured questionnaire which was subjected to validity and reliability test. Data analysis involves the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study revealed that one third (33.33%) approved politics had great effect on corporate governance. While two in five (41.67%) stated it had moderate effect. Very negligible number (2%) believed politics didnt have any effect in their organizational setting. Community related factors were also considered as one of the major drivers of corporate governance. One in five (22%) believed community factor like traditional institution had great effect on corporate governance in their organization. This is followed by the one-third (33.33%) who admitted it had a moderate effect. Also, majority (45%) agreed religion and cultural factor moderately influenced corporate governance. While three in ten confirmed it only had a low effect. In relation to constitutional factors, well above average and majority (55%) stated it had moderate effect on corporate governance. It shows that qualification of accountants and internal auditors had great effect on corporate governance with the majority (87%) confirming this. Similarly, the level of exposure or experience of accountant and internal auditors was said to be of great impact by the majority (77%) of the respondents. While the same goes for the effect that qualification of other management staff had on organizatonal corporate governance where majority (45%) claimed it had a great effect. The study concludes that the current compliance of public institutions with corporate governance processes in Nigeria should be sustained for enhance financial service delivery in Nigeria public organizations.

This study aims to determine the phenomenon of Fun Football in the Covid 19 Pandemic Period as a Community Recreational Sport in Karanganyar Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The informant retrieval technique uses the Snowball Sampling technique. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data validity technique used triangulation technique. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely: the data collection stage, the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. Based on observations and interviews, it was found that out of 141 respondents, 97.2% or 137 respondents stated that public awareness had increased after the COVID-19 pandemic came to Indonesia. There were 80.1% or 113 respondents stated that after the COVID-19 pandemic, there were many fun football activities in Karanganyar Regency. As many as 60.3% or 85 respondents stated that the football field before the COVID-19 pandemic was not actively used and after the Covid-19 pandemic was actively used for fun football activities. A total of 55.3% or 78 respondents stated that there was a football group or club which before the covid-19 pandemic was not active and after the covid-19 pandemic actively played fun football. Then 95% or 134 respondents stated that when there were fun football activities in Karanganyar Regency there were photographers who were often present to take pictures of fun football players. So it can be concluded that the majority of respondents like funfootball, while the benefits are that it can maintain health and physical fitness, increase body immunity, fill spare time, get fun, build friendship, self-existence.

This study aims to determine leadership, teamwork, and motivation of football player. In this study using a survey research approach. In this study, the population is all participants of the physical education study program class of 2022, totaling 40 people. The sample in this study was the 2018-2020 class of students. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analytical method, which describes the data collected in the form of words, pictures, and not numbers. From the results of the study it can be concluded that : 1) Leadership can be said as a way of a leader in directing, encouraging and regulating all elements in the group or organization to achieve a desired organizational goal so as to produce maximum employee performance. Coach leadership is the process (activity) of a person using charisma, intelligence, wisdom, and skills to display his leadership in a team and his artistic abilities through a communication process to unlock the competence potential of a person or group that is organized, guided, disciplined and empowered that potential towards competence that is greater effort to set and achieve certain goals. 2) Team work is also very vital and must be carried out by every player both during training and matches and if this ability is done well it will result in a success because football players are required to work together, complement each other and cover deficiencies as well as strengthen the playing strategy that is good. has been instructed by the coach both during practice and matches. 3) Motivation is a force that guides a person to achieve high results and personal circumstances that encourage individuals to carry out certain activities in order to achieve goals.

Military institutions throughout the country have a special judicial mechanism known as military justice. Judicial jurisdiction does not look at criminal acts based on the subject of the perpetrator, but based on the offense or crime committed. The formation of the organizational structure and working procedures of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crime (Jampidmil) at the Indonesian Attorney Generas Office can bridge the need for criminal prosecution of subjects of civil law and subjects of military law. This study aims to describe the change in the legitimacy of military prosecution in Indonesia with the establishment of a new work unit at the Indonesian Attorney Generals Office, namely the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes. The type of research used is normative juridical. This research focuses on laws relating to the structure and how the process or procedures for enforcing military law in the military prosecution system.

The discussion on predicative possession is actually a fairly broad discussion. The aspect studied in this paper is looking at the construction of ownership verbs in the English possession predicate. Viewed from the point of view of the study this paper is grouped into language studies in terms of syntax. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The theory in this paper refers to the theory of Quirk (1973), Halliday (1985), Cook (1989), and Jackendoff (1977). The data used in this paper are taken from The British National Corpus (http://www.notcorp.ox.ac.uk/). The data collected contains sentences with the predicate of ownership in English with the verb have, own, possess, and belong to From the results of research on the predicative possession in English, it can be concluded as follows. Lingual elements that can fill the possession predicate are a) The have possession predicate, which consists of several patterns as follows: active pattern (S+V+O), (S+V+O+A), (S+V+O+OC), and (S+V+O+OC+A); b) The own possession predicate consists on the following patterns: active sentence patterns (S+V+O), (S+V+O+A), (S+V+O+OC), and (S+V+O+OC+A) and passive sentence patterns with patterns (S+V+O), (S+V+O+A), (S+V+O+OC) and (S+V+O+OC+A) c) The possess possession predicate consists on several patterns as follows: active pattern (S+V+O), (S+V+O+A), (S+V+O+OC) dan (S+ V+O+OC+A); d). The belong to possession predicate consists of the following patterns: Active sentences (S+V+O), (S+V+O+A), (S+V+O+OC), and (S+V+O+OC +A).

This paper aims to analyze the application of multicultural educational values in learning Islamic religious education at Karuna Dipa High School Palu. The researchers employed descriptive qualitative design where data collected through several techniques; observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The data were then analyzed through data reduction, verification, and data display. The results showed that the application of multicultural education values in learning Islamic religious education at Karuna Dipa High School in Palu City was carried out by 1). The value of tolerance as the basic element needed in social life to foster mutual understanding and respect for differences, not to deviate from the rules and norms that apply in schools, mutual respect, and respect for religious, ethnic, and linguistic differences in every action taken by others.2). The value of unity as the implementation of multicultural values by instilling multicultural understanding, thoughts, and attitudes, prioritizing collective integrity and sovereignty as citizens of the society and citizens of the nation with the spirit of intercultural plurality, prioritizing the integrity of the nation, creating a harmonious life among fellow citizens of a nation that has cultural diversity in an effort to realize national unity. 3). The value of justice is to provide equal opportunities to all communities to obtain the education, and to provide proportional treatment and attention to each community in the learning process without distinguishing between backgrounds so that each community has equal opportunities to achieve scientific, personal, and skill competencies.

Listening skill plays an important role in studying a foreign language, especially English. However, students face a lot of difficulties in English listening. This study aims to find out the status and difficulties in listening comprehension of 149 non-English majored freshmen majoring in Pharmacy, Accounting, Business Administration, Food Technology, and Information Technology at Tay Do University. A listening achievement test was offered when the participants were studying TOEIC-based course 1. The research results found out some listening problems due to (1) lack of vocabulary knowledge, (2) inability to recognize and distinguish sounds, (3) limited reasoning ability and limited ability to use listening strategies such as judgment, taking notes, or memorizing, and (4) lack of concentration. The above results also showed some issues to which teachers need to pay attention to help learners improve their listening skill.

Disaster risk means the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets to which could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically with relation to risk, exposure, and susceptibility (UNISDR, 2019). In times of calamities, MDRRMU plays a crucial role in assisting residents. This study is being undertaken to determine the residents satisfaction with the MDRRMU in Estancia, Iloilo. As a result, the purpose of this research was to see how satisfied residents were with the performance of Estancia MDRRMU. This study used the descriptive method of research and a researcher modified questionnaire was used to gather data. Conducted in the municipality of Estancia, located in the northern part of Iloilo province, 501 randomly selected residents of the municipality were the respondents of the study. Result shows that residents were satisfied with the performance of MDRRMU. To improve residents satisfaction, the MDRRMU should be proactive in educating people in Estancia about disaster management and strengthening its MDRRM Council with clear and enumerated functions, responsibilities, and coordination.

This study aims to discuss issues regarding share buybacks by issuers in fluctuating conditions due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The problems caused by the spread of Covid-19 are very complex, including issues regarding share buybacks by issuers. This study uses a normative juridical research method, using secondary data. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the comparison of the implementation of buybacks in normal economic conditions and in critical economic conditions can be clearly shown by the author through the table in the discussion. However, basically there is a waiver of the implementation of the GMS and the need to determine certain conditions by the government and/or through the authorized regulator in the capital market sector. The position of OJK Circular Letter No. 3/SEOJK.04/2020 of 2020 regarding the implementation of stock buback is as a stipulation of other conditions as mandated in POJK No. 2/POJK.04/2013. Stock trading conditions on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since the beginning of 2020 until the issuance of this Financial Services Authority Circular Letter have experienced significant pressure as indicated by the decline in the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI) by 18.46% so that it needs attention from the government and regulators.

The social justice as stated in the fifth principle of Pancasila and welfare in accordance with Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, has not yet been realized. There is an error in determining the ultimate goal of Indonesias economic development. Independence is not the goal of economic development but self-confidence. The Indonesian economic system is inspired by the Pancasila and characterized by kebersamaan (mutualism), kekeluargaan (brotherhood), non-discrimination, non-exploitation, and anti-monopolism. The system portrays structuralism, cooperation, religiousness, institutionalism, non-usurious, social well-being, independence, and self-esteem. Furthermore, its values are in line with the maslahah (benefits). This exploratory study proposed a maslahah economic system for the Pancasila economic system (Pancasilanomics). It defined the research question regarding a maslahah economic system and developed the research design, including formulating a maslahah economic system house. The results showed that the maslahah economic system house includes the maslahah foundation, comprising divinity and caliphate, and fundamental references consisting of Pancasila and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. Moreover, the house includes a moral foundation comprising cooperation & participation and kekeluargaan & fair distribution, institutional consisting of cooperatives, BUMN, BUMS, and social institutions. Finally, economic objectives are social welfare and the ultimate economic goal, comprising independence and peoples self-esteem.

This study aims to describe and analyze the kyai leadership model in Modern Islamic Boarding Schools. This research uses a multi-case qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using an interactive analysis of Hubermanns (2014) model. The studys results found that the Kyai Leadership Model in Ummul Qura and Pesantren Ar-Raudhah Islamic boarding schools is a transformational leadership model with a participatory leadership approach. Transformational leadership models include charismatic leaders (individualized effect), motivators and inspirers (inspiration motivation), stimulating subordinates (intellectual stimulation), and understanding the personality of subordinates (Individualized consideration). Meanwhile, the participatory model of kyai leadership is in the form of openness, listening, and accepting the opinions of subordinates.

This study aims to determine the analysis of the most dominant physical condition factors (Arm Muscle Power, Grip Strength, and Hand Eye Coordination) to determine indoor push hockey shooting ability. The research was carried out in March 2022 at Gor Wergu Kudus Regency, Prima Mijen Futsal Field, and Kartika Kartika Futsal Stadium The research was carried out in March 2022. The population in this study were all male Hockey athletes in Central Java in each district/city that active as many as 70 people. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method with data analysis technique using exploratory factor analysis design. Based on the results of the study showed that arm muscle power can determine the shooting ability of indoor push hockey. Based on the results of factor analysis, the correlation value of the variables in factor 1 was 0.830 and factor 2 was 0.130, because the correlation value of factor 1 > factor 2, the arm muscle power variable was included in the factor group 1. Factor 1 was the dominant factor. Then eye-hand coordination can determine indoor push hockey shooting ability. Based on the results of factor analysis, the correlation value of the variables in factor 1 is -0.142 and factor 2 is 0.834, because the correlation value of factor 1 < factor 2, the variable belongs to the group of factor 2. Factor 2 is a supporting factor. So it can be concluded that the physical condition factor with the arm muscle power variable is the most dominant factor in the shooting push ability with a correlation number of 0.830, so the greater the arm muscle power is very important for hockey players to have, so that the shot is not easily blocked by the goalkeeper.

The history of Western literature since the 18th century has witnessed some excellent works by women writers, however, due to stereotypes and the authority of male discourse, these writers still endured great pressure from society in the creative process. To break the authority and gain recognition, female writers gradually formed a narrative voice belonging to themselves. In her novel To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf uses a great deal of interior monologue and free indirect discourse to cleverly construct her narrative authority. This adequately denotes the essence of feminist narratology, which is the combination of feminism and classical structuralist narratology, and a way to study feminist works as well. Concerning feminist narratology, this paper investigates the concept of feminist narrative voice, three types of which are personal voice, authorial voice, and communal voice. In To the Lighthouse, Woolf mostly employs authorial voice. To gain a further insight into this, the paper discusses the origin and concept of feminist narrative voice, and then examines Woolfs writing techniques adopted in To the Lighthouse, the use of authorial voice and the construction of female narrative authority in the novel. The study concludes that the use of authorial voice in To the Lighthouse contributes to a shift in womens marginalization and the struggle for male dominance narratives, and demonstrates fully Woolfs feminist thinking throughout the work.

Measuring public perception index on a certain public service is considered to be important if we want to determine its quality. This study was aimed to measure public perception index towards Civil Registry Service in Pamekasan. The method used in this study was survey in reference to the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2017 about guidelines for arranging survey of public perception unit. There were nine indicators of public perception index. The result of this study showed that service offered by Civil Registry Service in Pamekasan was good.

This essay aims to discuss the low probability of occurrence and high probability of impact risk introduced into the business risk equation when the cloud computing services that Parler Corp. contracted from Amazon.com, Inc. In a few days, Parler was pulled from the Google Play Store and the Apple Store. Because of these actions of its cloud computing providers, Parler went from a company valued at $1 billion to an organization that was effectively broke and unable to do business. The acts of Amazon, Apple, and Google demonstrated the immense power yielded by cloud computing providers over the business activities of their customers. Companies should be mindful that when engaging the services of a cloud computing provider, they are exposing the business to an unacceptable level of risk. A firm should evaluate this risk and decide whether it is worth assuming. An organization ignores this risk at its peril.

This study aims to analyze the planning of the curriculum at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Ittihadiyah in North Sumatra. Then describe the organization of curriculum resources at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Ittihadiyah in North Sumatra. Furthermore, to describe the implementation of the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Ittihadiyah curriculum program in North Sumatra. Then to describe the supervision of the Al-Ittihadiyah Madrasah Tsanawiyah curriculum in North Sumatra. Lastly, to describe the curriculum evaluation of the Al-Ittihadiyah Madrasah Tsanawiyah in North Sumatra. This research is qualitative in nature. The process of extracting data in a holistic manner either by means of in-depth interviews with a series of questions, observation in the form of observations, and collecting documents with the aim of obtaining correct and valid data. There are 5 (five) findings which are the results of this study.

This research article discusses one of the translation strategies namely paraphrase. The method used is a mixed method of descriptive-comparative method with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The data source is the translation of a novel, Tarian Bumi written in Indonesian language as the source language text and ‘Earth Dance’ in English as the target language text. The data used for this research are taken from the first part of the novel. The background of this research is the phenomenon showing that from all the sentences in the first part of the novel, more than 50% are being paraphrased. To identify what linguistic units are paraphrased, what kinds of paraphrase involved and which paraphrase is used more than others are the objectives of this research. The results show that the paraphrases involve all linguistic units ranging from word, phrase, clause, to sentence. The paraphrase can be used individually or in a combination consisting of two paraphrases and among the four kinds of paraphrase, the explicative paraphrase is used more than others either it is used individually or in combination.

The target of the research implemented is to describe teacher activities, analyze activities, and student learning outcomes in solving problems in the science content of various styles of material through a combination of the RING TOURNAMENT learning model ( Guided Inquiry, Mind Mapping, and Teams Games Tournament) . CAR research implemented in 3 meetings. The research data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative. Based on the implementation of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the combination of the RING TOURNAMENT model (Guided Inquiry, Mind Mapping, and Teams Games Tournament) can increase activity and student learning outcomes in the science content of various styles of class IV SDN Cerucuk 5 Banjarmasin. Therefore the stated hypothesis can be accepted.

This study attempts to investigate the impacts of the enhanced use of synonyms and antonyms on writing performance for third-year English majors at Thai Nguyen University of Education during the second term of the academic year 2020-2021. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design with the use of questionnaires and tests as research instruments. A group of 29 out of 58 students were invited to participate in a ten-week experimental course during which they did supplementary exercises related to synonyms and antonyms. The data collected from the Pre-test and Post-test revealed that the participants not only had positive attitudes toward using synonyms and antonyms in their writing but also improved their writing performance. The results collected from questionnaires also revealed positive feedback from the students towards the use of synonyms and antonyms as well as the helpfulness of supplementary exercises during the experimental course.

Teacher performance is defined as a job accomplishment or a persons results based on the quality and quantity acquired in carrying out the obligations assigned to them. Teacher competency, lesson design, learning activities, and learning evaluation are all aspects that affect teacher effectiveness and help students achieve their educational goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate at the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership, quality culture, and work satisfaction on teacher performance. This study is a descriptive correlational study that includes path analysis. A total of 221 participants were included in the study. Data was collected using instruments that tested for validity and reliability, including principals transformational leadership (26 items), quality culture (23 items), and work satisfaction (22 items), while teacher performance was measured using teacher performance assessment. This research instrument tested the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect effects between variables, by first doing normality, linearity, and homogeneity tests. The results showed that there were direct and indirect effects between the principals transformational leadership, quality culture, and job satisfaction on teacher performance. The data analysis of this research used path analysis. The results showed that there was an influence of the principals transformational leadership and quality culture through job satisfaction on teacher performance, either directly or indirectly.

This study aims to analyze the influence of international law on the formation of public information disclosure law in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the research, it is known that due to globalization, the freedom to obtain information is now a trend in the international world. Globalization is driving the recognition of human rights and democratization in all corners of the world. This international reality parallels the national reality. The strong determination to create a democratic country and respect for human rights which are explicitly stated in the Indonesian constitution have become an undeniable national reality. Both of these realities have the same goal of creating an information society. For Indonesia, this international reality and national reality have become the basis or reason for the birth of the information disclosure law, which is also known as the Indonesian information disclosure law policy.

This study aims to describe and analyze the leadership of the principal at SMAN 1 Tanjung and SMAN 2 Tanjung. This research is a multi-site descriptive qualitative research. Informants in the study consisted of principals, vice principals of curriculum, public relations, student affairs, sarpras and teachers. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, observation and documentation methods which were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model from Miles and Huberman (2014). The stages of the research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and checking the validity of the findings by data triangulation. The results of the study were that the principal made decisions through deliberation, delegated tasks, participated in the Adiwiyata program, carried out direct supervision and through CCTV, carried out Business Day or work titles, made school canteens, evaluated existing programs, formulated targets to be achieved, made intra-time schedules, extra and co-curricular, paying attention to discipline, making a supervision schedule, setting instruments, making recommendations for improving the learning process.

The purpose of this study is to evaluating implementation effectiveness aspects principle components of swimming training program. The benefit of this research is that it can provide information for coaches to analyze and evaluate how the principles of training, situations and conditions of the training process can be carried out better. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: 1) The quality of coaches in carrying out swimming club coaching in Sleman Swimming Federation shows the results of the category Very Good. 2) The ability of the coaches in preparation training programs shows the results of the category Good. 3) The ability of the coaches in the implementation of conditioning exercises shows the results of the category Enough. 4) The ability of the coaches in the implementation of the training program shows the results of thecategory Good. 5) The ability of the coaches in the use of training methods shows the results of the category Very Good. 6) The ability of the coaches to use swimming equipment and facilities shows the results of the category Enough. 7) The ability of the coaches in evaluating the training programs shows the results of the category Good. 8) The most important inhibiting factors in the implementation of swimming training programs at Sleman Swimming Federation include: limited equipment and training facilities, the use of swimming pools that are not able to practice freely due to joining public visitors. 9) The main supporting factors that make the smooth running of swimming training programs in swimming pools in Sleman District are: high motivation of swimmers to train intensively, the ability of trainers in an effort to improve the swimmers performance, and the role of parents in helping to improve their childrens achievement

Occupational stress has become increasingly common in teaching profession. Elementary school teachers possess the most crucial position in the entire system of education. It is deemed important to identify stressors of teachers to help them asses and manage their occupational stress in the workplace. However, no occupational stress scale has been developed for use among public elementary teachers in the Philippines. The study aimed to develop and validate a contextualized Occupational Stress Scale for public elementary teachers. This study was guided with the classical test theory approach. It utilized exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. Literature reviews and in-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative data that was used in the generation of items. Survey data was collected from elementary public teachers in Region VIII (total N=1417) using proportionate simple random sampling. Exploratory factor analysis was used to discover the underlying latent structure of the test. A 60-item scale with three-factor model was developed and labelled as Poor working environment, Work overload, and Student Misbehavior. The findings provided strong evidence that factors related to poor working environment, work overload and students misbehavior are the common stressors of public elementary teachers. The Occupational Stress Scale showed excellent overall internal consistency (a= .970) with strong coefficient alphas for Poor working environment (a= .962), Work overload (a= .953), and Student Misbehavior (a=.936) factors. Hence, this scale has the potential to be a consequential tool measuring and assessing teachers level of stress.

KSP Multidana went bankrupt or disbanded, but the members rights who had not yet fulfilled all of the funds were returned by the cooperative, while the members who borrowed themselves had not fully returned the money borrowed by the members to date. This study aims to determine the legal consequences of the bankruptcy decision of KSP Multidana through the Semarang Commercial Court Decision Number 09/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2017/PN.Niaga SMg jo 12/PDT.SUS-PKPU/2016/PN. Niaga.Smg for the depositor of funds, the position of the depositor as a result of the bankruptcy of the Multidana Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP), and the settlement process in the bankruptcy of the Multidana Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP). The method used in this article is an empirical juridical approach. The results of this study indicate the legal consequences of the bankruptcy decision of KSP Multidana through the Semarang Commercial Court Decision Number 09/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2017/PN.Niaga SMg jo 12/PDT.SUS-PKPU/2016/PN.Niaga.Smg for member depositing funds is a member depositing funds unable to withdraw their deposit funds due to a general confiscation. The position of the depositors as a result of the bankruptcy of the Multidana Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP) is the same (creditorium parity) as concurrent creditors as stipulated in Article 1131 of the Civil Code, and therefore they have the same rights over the results of the execution of the bankrupt bank according to the number of their respective bills.

The research and development of 2D animation video media for cube and block material is motivated by the problems that exist in SD Negeri 3 Kalianda in class V, namely the lack of use of mathematics learning media and student learning difficulties and the lack of student motivation in studying cube and block material, so it is necessary to develop media 2D animation as attractive as possible so that it can increase student learning motivation. This study uses a needs analysis method which consists of seven stages. The subject of the study was a mathematics teacher and the data was carried out using observation, documentation and interviews. The students response to the application of the 2D animation learning media for cubes and blocks in mathematics is very good. The conclusion obtained from this research is the use and utilization of learning media such as 2D animated videos can be applied by teachers so as to create an effective teaching and learning process. It can also be concluded that the 2D animation learning media for cube and block material in class V mathematics subjects is said to be successful or very positive in supporting the learning process by giving very good responses. With the use and development of 2D animation learning media is expected to have a positive impact on students. And with the existence of 2D animation learning media, this is very much needed in schools because it can be a medium that can assist teachers in delivering learning materials.

This study aims to describe the model of constitutional review in France and the model of constitutional review (constitutional review) in Indonesia and to describe the prospect of implementing ex ante review in realizing the constitutionality of laws and regulations in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is normative juridical using secondary legal data. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the most influential comparison on the model of constitutional testing in Indonesia and France is in the position of the examiners subject and the test object. The testing subject in Indonesia is carried out by the Constitutional Court, which is located as one of the judicial power institutions (judicial institutions), while the object of testing is in the form of laws that have been ratified and promulgated.

Qatar, a small country, in southern Persian Gulf, in recent years has appeared as a most welfare state with high per- capita revenue. In some infrastructures, like Air lines, Qatar is one of the best in the world, and Aljazeera Network, is the prominent televised news channels in the region. It favors huge resources of oil and gas and then has been dependent in its budget on exporting this natural resources, but some other countries in the region have this kind of natural resource and now are in many troubles. The political structure of Qatar, like many other Arab states, is inheritable. Although there are controversial theories about these development, its worthy to study the developmental process of this state. The social structure of the country, as an ex-traditional socio-cultural context, it seems has been changing to a different formation. What are the causes of this social change? Which consequences has produced or probably will produce in other spheres of the country?

The teaching and learning process, which should take place in a classroom or school setting, must be replaced by learning at home in the period of the covid 19 epidemic. The following issues were addressed in this paper: What does it mean to learn holistically online What are the various sorts of educational policy models.

Teaching is a difficult profession that sometimes leads to the burnout of teachers, and is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. There are symptoms of burnout that can impact learners and teachers behaviour and psychology to enhanced turnover, affecting learners and schools. Teacher burnout is regarded to be one of the most psychological issues that can gradually exhaust teachers. Teachers burnout can influence teaching objectives and educational environment, which make practitioners experience an indifference that can lead to health issues, absence of work, and the intention to leave the profession. Within the professional field, teachers reported higher burnout rates when compared to other occupations (Fisher, 2011). Several studies concluded that the occupational environment had a distinct correlation to an individuals behaviours. Teachers perceptions of the work environment affected their physical and emotional well-being (Baran, 2012; Fernet et al. 2012; Lavian, 2012; Ortner, 2012). The multidimensional role of the teacher has been the focus of numerous studies. Teachers tend to have many roles including mentor, counselor, parent and disciplinarian. These extra roles, which go hand in hand with teaching, have displayed negative consequences including taking the focus off of teaching (Fernet, 2012; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2009) thereby, affecting a teachers personal self-efficacy. Many studies show rising rates of employee turnover, absence, and sick leave of teachers at different instructional levels in latest decades, combined with a growing incidence of mental health issues influencing teachers (Carlotto & Palazzo, 2006). Researchers have tried to define factors that could be related to burnout syndrome (Gasparini et al., 2005; Yaegashi et al., 2009). As per the essence of a teachers job and the environment in which these practitioners work, there are a variety of stressors that, if constant, may contribute to burn-out syndrome, undermining the career, social and emotional life of the teacher. The concept of burnout connected with life dissatisfaction and workplace depression (Hakanen & Ahola, 2012; Schaufeli & Hakanen, 2012; Biron & Toker, 2012) as the reason for the disability of workers raises important issues for practitioners, which have extensive implications for employees (including teachers), clients, employers and insurance providers (Hall et al., & Connor, 2016). There is a need for a better understanding of the risk factors, the protective factors against the development of burnout, and the different underlying mechanisms. Many researches mentioned that there are many issues could lead to burnout among mathematics teachers in Saudi Arabia, such as curriculum, students, teachers, supervisors, and administrative problems (Ali & Abdulhakim, 2013; Naser, 2010; Alrasi & Noor 2014). This study tries to understand the main sources that cause burnout of mathematics teachers using qualitative method.

This study aims to describe the effect of a principals transformational leadership on school culture; the principals transformational leadership on organizational commitment; the principals transformational leadership on teacher performance; school culture on teacher performance; organizational commitment to teacher performance, principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through school culture; the principals transformational leadership on teacher performance through organizational commitment. The population of this study was 152 teachers. The research sample was 110 people taken by proportional random sampling. The researchers collected the data using an instrument consisting of the principals transformational leadership (46), school culture (30), and organizational commitment (15), which have been tested for validity and reliability. Teacher performance data is taken from PKG. The research data were analyzed descriptively and path analysis. The study results showed that the principals transformational leadership affected school culture. Moreover, the principals transformational leadership affects organizational commitment. Then, the principals transformational leadership affects teacher performance as a school culture affects teacher performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment affects teacher performance; principal transformational leadership affects teacher performance through school culture; The principals transformational leadership influences teacher performance through organizational commitment

Teachers are an essential component of education in terms of boosting educational quality. Teacher performance has a significant impact on an institutions quality. However, there are other aspects that influence teacher performance, such as emotional intelligence, job dedication, and motivation. According to the findings of first observations, teacher performance remains low, with instructors failing to fulfill their tasks and functions in accordance with the needs of their profession. The purpose of this research is to examine the link between emotional intelligence, job commitment, and teacher effectiveness as measured by work motivation. This study employs a quantitative strategy to conduct an explanatory study. A total of 172 instructors from public elementary schools in Binuang District, Tapin Regency participated in the study. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. The number of samples was determined based on the Cronbach Alpha formula with 120 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of emotional intelligence (30 items), work commitment (40 items), work motivation (50 items), teacher performance using PKG (78 items). The questionnaire was prepared using a Likert scale that had been tested for validity and reliability using correlation. The data collected uses path analysis to see the direct and indirect relationships between variables, by first testing normality, linearity, homogeneity and multicollinearity. The results showed that there was a direct and indirect relationship between emotional intelligence, work commitment and teacher performance through work motivation.

Teacher performance is entirely dependent on the teachers efforts to provide the learning process in order to meet educational objectives. This study employing a quantitative investigation utilizing an associative technique involved 156 teachers who worked in 21 schools. A total of 112 participants were included in the research. Proportional random sampling was a sample strategy used in this study. The data was collected using measures were assessed for validity and reliability using moment product correlation and included situational leadership (15 questions), work atmosphere (20 items), job satisfaction (31 items), and teacher performance (14 items). This studys data was analyzed using Path Analysis method. The findings revealed that situational leadership and the work environment have an impact on teacher performance, either directly or indirectly, through job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to examine how character education is managed at madrasa Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) 1 Balangan and MTsN 3 Balangan in terms of extracurricular activities. A multi-site qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this study. In-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, including planning, organizing, implementing, evaluating, and following up, were used to gather data. The madrasa principal, the head of the madrasa committee, the wakamad, teachers, and students were all sources of the research data. Techniques for gathering data included observation, interviews, and documentation. This research made use of interactive data analysis, such as data reduction, data presentation, and generating conclusions. Triangulation of sources and procedures was used to check the datas veracity. The results of the study showed that the management of character building is carried out in accordance with the existing management functions and character building strategies. Character education planning can be done in writing in detail or not in detail depending on the prevailing customs. Organizing character education can involve all components in the madrasa as needed. The implementation of character education is held periodically in extracurricular activities that have been specifically designed with elements of general or special goodness based on religious values. Evaluation of character education is carried out in various ways as a measure of the success of activities. Following up on character education in each school madrasa, various physical and non-physical improvements were made for extracurricular procurement.

This study aims to determine the endurance of athletes in the sport of taekwondo, Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The population in this study were all Taekwondo athletes with a sample of 7 people. The data analysis technique in this study was carried out using a descriptive analysis design based on the results of tests and measurements. The results of the endurance test of male taekwondo athletes with the bleep test type, the overall average Vo2Max endurance of male taekwondo athletes with an average level is 9.00 and the return is 3.60, with the overall average score of male taekwondo athletes is 2.20 is included in the less category. Meanwhile, based on data on the physical condition of female taekwondo athletes with the bleep test type, the overall average Vo2Max endurance of female taekwondo athletes with an average level is 6.00 and the return is 5.50, with the overall average value of female taekwondo athletes is 2.00 included in the less category. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the average endurance value of male and female taekwondo athletes in Central Sulawesi is in the poor category.

Concepts in the New Testament Biblical literature cannot be deciphered aptly without rationalization for successful interpretation. This needs a key to unlock the knowledge in it due to the fact that the language used to address specific issues in a particular society might be misunderstood literally by other societies otherwise, without proper contextualization. In this article, however, it was discovered that reading the New Testament Biblical literature with a parochial attitude is misleading and distorting. Scholars have affirmed that a mere conventional approach to the study of the New Testament Biblical literature is an injustice in literary terms and hence the need to tackle it. In tackling such issues, the study analyzed literary works by a variety of authors by use of the phenomenological approach. Different literary genres such as figurative speeches, parables, symbols, types and antitypes, proof texts, narratives, Epistles, allegories, metaphors, among others were discussed. Linguistic issues surfaced herein and played a pivotal role in resolving unnecessary conflicts. The study found out interlink between contextualization and proper interpretation of the New Testament Biblical literature.

This study aims to (1) develop teaching materials for Arabic paragraph writing skills based on Quranic idiomatic patterns; and (2) describe the feasibility of teaching materials for Arabic paragraph writing skills based on the Quranic idiomatic pattern. The research method used is a development method with development steps (1) preliminary studies or needs analysis, (2) design of teaching materials, (3) developing teaching materials, (4) validation of material experts and Arabic learning, (5) product trials , and (6) dissemination. The results of this development research are in the form of teaching materials for Arabic paragraph writing skills based on idiomatic Quranic patterns, which consist of: (1) basic competencies, (2) learning objectives, (3) paragraph concepts and their elements, (4) paragraph development patterns and examples, (5) various examples of idiomatic patterns, (6) the meaning of the idiomatic patterns of Tafsir Al Munirs model, (7) examples of writing idiomatic patterns in paragraphs according to the theme, and (8) practice of writing paragraphs based on the idiomatic pattern of the Quran ani. Furthermore, based on the expert test of teaching material product learning, the results obtained a validity level of 89.16%, material expert test 90.76% and field test 74.59%, with an average validity level of 86.59%. Therefore, it can be stated that the teaching material product is valid to be used as teaching material for the Paragraph Writing course with a validity level of 86.59% or very valid.

This essay simulates a Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 12(b)(6) ruling by a federal court. The case that serves as the basis for this simulation is Atkinson v. Facebook et al. The simulated ruling is not the actual ruling, but a simulated ruling, demonstrating how the Willging criteria can be successfully employed when a federal court rules on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. The methodology that is employed herein reviews the counts in Atkinsons complaint, presuming that a Rule 12(b)(6) was filed for each count. Each ruling is divided into three parts. In the first part, a summary of the count is discussed. Second, the reasons why the count is not appropriate is described. Finally, the Willging criteria are employed, showing where the motion fits within the criteria. Finally, for each motion, the essay concludes whether the Rule 12(b)(6) motions should either be granted or rejected with or without prejudice.

The development of the management of zakat, infaq, sedekah (ZIS) in Indonesia is getting better, the presence of the zakat management Law No. 23 of 2011 which regulates the management of zakat management organizations (OPZ) both the national zakat amil body (BAZNAS) and the amil zakat institution (LAZ) in matters of legality, management, reporting, supervision and sanctions are able to encourage the management of ZIS to be more accountable and transparent and can be held publicly accountable to increase public trust in OPZ). So that amil zakat institutions need to apply financial reports that are in accordance with zakat accounting PSAK No. 109. This study aims to analyze the application of PSAK 109 and its effect on the accountability of ZIS management at Rumah Zakat.

A good teacher must have the ability to carry out their duties so that their performance is even better in carrying out the tasks they carry out. This study aims to determine and analyze the direct and indirect effects of the principals academic supervision, self-concept, work ethic and teacher performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with expo facto. The population of this study was 272 people. The sampling technique used is Proportional Random Sampling. The number of samples is determined by the respondents as many as 162 people. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of the principals academic supervision (29 items), self-concept (20 items), work ethic (25 items) and teacher performance with Teacher Performance Assessment (78 items). This research instrument is tested for the level of validity and reliability using Pearsons product moment correlation. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct or indirect effect between variables by first testing normality, linearity, homogeneity and multicollinearity. The results showed that there was a Correlation between the principals academic supervision, self-concept, work ethic and the performance of junior high school teachers either directly or indirectly in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency.

The achievement of educational goals in schools is strongly effectd by the attitude of the teacher in carrying out his professional duties. This fact requires teachers to have high competence and professionalism in carrying out their duties and functions, because teachers are figures who become role models for students and their environment. This study aims to identify and analyze the principal transformational leadership and professional development on the competence and professionalism of state junior high school teachers in Balangan district. This research is a research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study was 166 teachers. The research sample was 117 teachers who were selected by proportional random sampling which was determined by (proportional random sample). The sampling technique in this study used proportional random sampling. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of principal transformational leadership (27 items), teacher professional development (38 items), teacher competence (32 items) and teacher professionalism (28 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of this study conclude that there is a direct effect of the principal transformational leadership on teacher competence. There is a direct effect of professional development on teacher competence; There is a direct effect of the principal transformational leadership on teacher professionalism, There is a direct effect of professional development on teacher professionalism, There is a direct effect of competence on teacher professionalism, There is no indirect effect of the principal transformational leadership on professionalism through teacher competence and, There is no indirect effect of coaching profession towards professionalism through the competence of State Junior High School teachers in Balangan Regency.

This study aims to analyze how big the contribution is; supervising the principal of the teachers attitude to work; supervising the principal on the implementation of the teachers teaching duties; work motivation on teacher attitudes on work; work motivation on the implementation of teacher teaching tasks; the attitude of the teacher on the job towards the implementation of the teachers teaching duties; supervision of the principal through the attitude of the teacher towards the implementation of the teachers teaching duties; teachers work motivation through the teachers attitude on the job towards the implementation of the teachers teaching duties. This study intends to describe and search for a number of existing research variables using correlational descriptive. The population of this research was collected from 97 teachers and 78 samples were obtained through proportional random sampling technique. This research is a descriptive correlational research with path analysis. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of principal supervision (25 items), teacher work motivation (28 items), teacher attitudes to work (41 items), teacher teaching assignments (43 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability. This research instrument tested the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data first tested for normality, linearity, and homogeneity. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing was carried out using simple and multiple regression analysis techniques at a significant level of 0.05. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive contribution of principal supervision on teachers attitudes to work; supervising the principal on the implementation of the teachers teaching duties; work motivation on teacher attitudes on work; work motivation on the implementation of teacher teaching tasks; the attitude of the teacher on the job towards the implementation of the teaches teaching duties. There is a significant positive contribution to the supervision of the principal through the attitude of the teacher on the job to the implementation of the teachers teaching duties. There is a significant positive contribution to the teachers work motivation through the attitude of the teacher on the job to the implementation of the teachers teaching duties.

The objective of this study is to describe the Adiwiyata Schools implementation program for an environment-based curriculum. This is a qualitative study that takes a phenomenological approach. The context of this study is that two high schools in Balangan Regency got honors for managing adiwiyata schools. Besides principal, deputy principal, head of the school Adiwiyata team, tachers, parents, and students are the main informant to get more full information using snowball sampling techniques. Techniques for gathering data included in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The data was triangulated using technical triangulation and peer briefing triangulation to ensure its veracity. Then, the data was analyzed by using an interactive analysis model Huberman 2006 consisting of data collection, data display, data reduction and verification/ conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Adiwiyata school program in implementing an environment-based curriculum through protection activities and environmental management in two schools through the determination of policies that have been contained in the schools vision, mission and goals which are compiled in the curriculum document and have been budgeted, the curriculum structure already contains compulsory subjects, local content, self-development, educators already have competence expected.

One of the determining factors of high and low quality educational outcomes is the teacher. Quality teachers are determined by the leadership of the principal. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effect between the principals transformational leadership, work motivation and work discipline on teacher performance. This research uses a quantitative approach, with facto exposure. The population of this study was 276 people from 24 State Junior High Schools. The sampling technique used is a Proportional Random Sampling. The number of samples was determined based on the Slovin formula with 163 respondents as respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire consisting of principal transformational leadership (50 items), work motivation (39 items), work discipline (50 items), teacher performance using Teacher Performance Assessment (51 items). This research instrument tested the level of validity and reliability using the product moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects between variables, by first testing normality, linearity, and homogeneity. The results showed that there were direct and indirect effects between transformational leadership, work discipline, and work motivation on teacher performance.

This study aims to describe and analyze the management of students covering aspects of recruitment, coaching, development, special services, and evaluation. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The researchers conducted the study at the Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Putra and Putri Islamic Boarding School in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. The researchers collected the data by observation, interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed by snowball sampling technique. The results showed: Recruitment of new students at Islamic Boarding Schools by distributing registration information brochures through websites, social and electronic media and alumni channels. There are two ways to register, namely online and manual. The selection goes through two sections, namely: the ability to religious knowledge and general knowledge and the ability to read the Quran. The criteria for being a santri can read the Quran, have a formal education certificate; Coaching is done through formal learning and extracurricular learning; Development includes interests, talents, abilities and achievements of students; Special services such as Mosques, Dormitory, Libraries, Guidance and Counseling, Laboratory, Canteen, PUSKESTREN, UKS, NM/OSIS,) Extracurricular Transportation; Evaluation includes evaluation of types, tools and forms. Islamic boarding schools should integrate technology in learning activities because technology is essential as a provision for students after graduation.

This study aims to describe character education management in the perspective of extracurricular activities in MTsN 1 Balangan and MTsN 3 Balangan. This research employed a multi-site qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations and documentation including planning, organizing, implementing, evaluating, following up. The sources of research data are the head of the madrasah, the head of the madrasa committee, wakamad, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. This study used interactive data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The data validity test was carried out by triangulation of sources and methods. The results of the study that character building management was carried out in accordance with existing management functions as well as character building strategies. Theencana of character education can be carried out in writing in detail or in writing in detail depending on the prevailing customs. Organizing character education can involve all components in the madrasa as needed. The implementation of character education is held periodically in extracurriculars that have been specially dedicated to elements of general or special goodness based on religious values. Evaluation of character education is carried out in a varied way as a benchmark for the success of activities. Following up on character education in each school madrasah held various improvements both physically and non-physically for extracurricular procurement.

Teacher performance is very important because it is the key to the success of the implementation of education or the teaching and learning process in schools. The demands of life are so great on the one hand, while on the other hand the responsibility and moral burden that is borne as a teacher and educator is very large, often resulting in work stress/mental pressure as a result of working on teachers. Not to mention if teachers become targets of criticism for the failure of an educational process experienced by their students. Often teachers end up taking an apathetic attitude towards their profession in the midst of the dilemma of responsibility and socio-economic demands. This study aims to describe the correlation between leadership behavior and work stress through work motivation on teacher performance. The population of this study included 203 teachers with a sample of 135 people. The sampling technique was carried out by proportional random sampling. Analysis This study used descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS 20. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Data was collected using instruments consisting of principal supervision (24 items), work discipline (30 items), work motivation (26 items) and teacher performance (51 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that there were (1) leadership behavior and work motivation in the high category, while work stress and teacher performance were in the high category. (2) there is a direct correlation of leadership behavior, work stress, work motivation to teacher performance. (3) there is a correlation between leadership behavior and work stress through work motivation on teacher performance.

Performance is the achievement of teachers in carrying out their duties based on the criteria and standards that have been set. Performance issues are very important to pay attention to because they are related to the organizations continuity. Performance is related to the principals supervision, discipline, and motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method that focuses on the presentation of data in the form of numbers using statistics. The population in this study were all SDN teachers in Batumandi district, with as many as 160 teachers. The research sample was 115 people chosen by proportional random sampling determined by Cronbachs Alpha. Data was collected using instruments consisting of principal supervision (24 items), work discipline (30 items), work motivation (26 items), and teacher performance (51 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study found that the principals supervision had a direct Effect on teacher performance, work discipline had a direct Effect on teacher performance, work motivation had a direct Effect on teacher performance, and principals supervision had a direct Effect on teacher work discipline, principals supervision had a direct Effect on teacher performance, principal supervision has an indirect effect on teacher performance through teacher work discipline, and principal supervision has an indirect effect on teacher performance through teacher work motivation.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the principal transformational leadership, organizational climate, and teacher performance through teacher achievement motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach using path analysis. The sample used in this study were 93 people. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The results of the study concluded (1) There is a significant correlation between the principal transformational leadership variable on teacher performance, (2) There is a significant correlation between the principal transformational leadership variable on the achievement motivation of SMKS teachers in Banjarbaru, (3) There is a significant correlation between the variables School climate on the performance of SMKS teachers in Banjarbaru, (4) There is a significant correlation between the variables of school climate on the achievement motivation of SMKS teachers in Banjarbaru, (5) There is a significant correlation between the variables of achievement motivation on the performance of SMKS teachers in Banjarbaru, (6) There is a There is an indirect correlation between the principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through teacher achievement motivation, (7) There is an indirect correlation between school climate and teacher performance through teacher achievement motivation.

This research is based on the results of a preliminary study to teachers and students of class V Elementary School regarding the analysis of the need for Mathematics teaching materials. Initial findings indicate that students interest in learning mathematics is low, as can be seen from students who pay less attention to when the teacher explains. It is also known that there is no use of other teaching materials other than textbooks. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for appropriate teaching materials in fostering students interest in learning mathematics. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were teachers and students of class V, which was held at SDN 2 Pasuruan, Penengahan, Kalianda, South Lampung. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study indicate that there are still many students whose learning interest is low when studying mathematics but gets a positive response when the teacher uses QR-Code-based illustrated teaching materials so that students become enthusiastic and have an effect on increasing their interest in learning. Specifically on the scale material, the researcher found data that there were still many students who had difficulty understanding it, such as using comparisons on a scale and how to change units of length. Based on the results of the needs analysis, conclusions can be drawn: 1) The use of teaching materials as a learning resource in mathematics is not optimal, 2) Teaching materials that need to be developed in learning mathematics with scale materials, one of which is QR-Code-based comics

Purpose: To examine the circumstances behind land conflict in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Methodology: The research adopted a cross sectional and descriptive survey research design involving both qualitative and quantitative studies where both purposive and stratified random sampling methods were used in selecting respondents (Police land desk officers, district land board for purposive and others like victims of land conflict were under focused focus group comprising of 8 to 10 individuals with a sample of 385 respondents being used whereas both SPSS and content analysis were used to analyze the field data. Findings: The findings indicate that weaknesses in the police force to investigate and gather evidence over land conflicts in a timely manner as presented by mean 4.01 std. deviations 2.01, also courts depended on investigations by the police to try cases as represented by mean 3.79 std. deviations 1.187. It was also found out that population growth in Uganda has the fastest growing population in the world, therefore much land that isnt occupied by people. The need for land has increased its value making it a very important resource than it was many years ago as shown by mean score of 4.64 Std. Deviation 2.097. In addition, inefficiency and confusion in all the countrys land registries as shown by mean score of 4.90 Std. Deviation 2.010. Lastly, high political interference where court orders are often times not respected by politicians this was represented with mean 4.03 and a Sdt. Deviation 2.0 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: by a matter of fact Mukono and Wakiso district surrounds the capital city Kampala; increase in demand for land would be on the rise resulting from increased population from the city towards these districts. Therefore, police land desks are developing and identify the determinants of this development, and the implication of the development processes on land conflict management, Understanding the bases of land conflicts, and by unbundling these land conflicts by type, the study will shed light on the comparative impact of different conflict types on national budget. There would be ideal situations to share experiences and advocate collectively for equity in access to land, use and distribution among beneficiaries.

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the correlation between teacher performance and the principal managerial activities, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. This study used a correlational quantitative technique. A total of 120 persons were included in the study, with 92 people making up the study sample. Proportional random sampling was used as the sample method. The data was collected using instruments that included variables such as the principal managerial activities (35 items), organizational culture (34 items), job satisfaction (33 items), and performance (32 questions), all of which were validated and reliable using correlation analysis of moment products. Path Analysis was used to analyze the data in this study. The results of the study revealed that there was an effect of the principals managerial activities on performance, organizational culture on performance, job satisfaction on performance, managerial activities of the principal on job satisfaction, organizational culture on job satisfaction. There is an indirect effect of the principals managerial activities on performance through job satisfaction, organizational culture on performance through job satisfaction.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of professional attitudes and welfare on teacher satisfaction and performance. This research was a correlational quantitative approach research. The study population was 141. The sampling in this study was carried out using the Proportionate Random Sampling technique so that a sample of 104 teachers was obtained. Professional instruments (34 items), welfare (35 items), teacher work (60 items) and teacher performance (48 items). The instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability using correlation analysis of moment products. This data analysis used path analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of professional attitudes and welfare, the effect of not on job satisfaction and the performance of early childhood teachers. There is an indirect effect of the effect of professional attitudes and welfare on job satisfaction and the performance of early childhood teachers.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the principal academic supervision on performance; the principal academic supervision of the teacher work discipline; the teacher self-efficacy of performance; self-efficacy of teachers towards teacher work discipline; teacher work discipline towards performance; academic supervision of the principal through the discipline of the teacher work towards performance; academic supervision of the principal through the discipline of the teacher work towards teacher performance; academic supervision of the principal through work discipline. The research sample was 157 teachers in 25 schools selected by probability simple random selection from a population of 258 teachers scattered across 25 public elementary schools in Martapura District, Banjar Regency, using a quantitative approach to the coronation technique. The The instruments that have been validated for validity and reliability were used to gather data. The research data were analyzed descriptively and path analysis. The results of the study found that the principals academic supervision has an effect on performance, the principals academic supervision has an effect on teacher work discipline, self-efficacy (self-efficacy) of teachers has an effect on performance, self-efficacy (self-efficacy) of teachers has an effect on teacher work discipline, teacher work discipline has an effect on performance, discipline is an intermediary the effect of the principals academic supervision on teacher performance and efficacy self-effifacy of the teacher towards teacher performance.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the changes and continuities of land conflicts in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Methodology: The research adopted a cross sectional and descriptive survey research designs which involving both qualitative and quantitative studies where both purposive and stratified random sampling methods were used in selecting respondents (Police land desk officers, district land board for purposive) and stratified sampling for community/victims of land conflict. Sample of 385 respondents was used whereas SPSS was used for data analysis. Findings: From the field findings, it was found out that 23.90% of respondents from Mukono and Wakiso district a number of land conflicts have successfully been resolved by Police land desks as one of the changes and continuities of land conflicts in Wakiso and Mukono districts. After analysis from the field, it was found out that 30.65% that police land desks when resolving land disputes they hear cases to give advice and opinion which was an indicator of changes and continuities of land conflicts taking place in both districts. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings would offer different experiences of the land desks both in Uganda police and elsewhere in the world and validate the need for long-term processes to address some of the critical barriers to achieving justice especially women, children among others trying to enforce their land rights, as opposed to short-term projects or work on individual cases. To governments of Uganda and others, these findings would offer ideal situations to share experiences and advocate collectively for equity in access to land, use and distribution among beneficiaries.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the challenges facing Uganda police land desks in managing conflicts in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Methodology: The research was guided by a cross sectional and descriptive survey research designs which involving both qualitative and quantitative studies. The study population consisted of community members in Wakiso and Mukono districts who were affected by (victims of) land conflicts; Police land desks officials and the district land boards with purposive and stratified sampling used to select them. A sample of 385 respondents was used and questionnaires, interview guides, focus group discussion and documentary review were used to collect data with both SPSS and content analysis was used to analyze the field data. Findings: it was found out that there was corruption on the side of police land desk officers as represented with (mean=4.74, strongly agreed). findings revealed from Mukono and Wakiso district there was lack of professional training by land desk officers in land matters as represented with (mean= 4.65, strongly agreed). Further findings revealed that there was lack of enough financial resources was as follows (mean=4.45, strongly agreed). After analysis findings revealed that 38.1 % of respondent attributed to poor administration of the desk, 23.8% corruption, 19% lack of facilitation, 9.5% low salaries, 4.8% to communication gap and money transaction used by the ring leaders in causing conflicts and distorting peace. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study findings would shed light on how police land desks are developing and identify the determinants of this development, and the implication of the development processes on land conflict management. Additionally, the findings will help in understanding the bases of land conflicts, and by unbundling these land conflicts by type, the study will shed light on the comparative impact of different conflict types on national budget. After the findings, this thesis will commend necessary policy options that will bind the benefits of police land desks, boost available laws, and restrain land conflicts.

This research intends to define relationships in vocational schools and how they should be managed so that schools can form collaborations outside of their region. This study is a descriptive qualitative study with several cases. The studys informants included the principal, vice principal of public relations, and vice principal of curriculum. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, which were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model developed by Miles and Huberman (2006). The stages of research were data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data triangulation used to check the validity of the findings. The findings revealed that (1) the school did a needs study prior to preparing the partnership program. Curriculum synchronization between schools and Business World/ Industrial World is very necessary for the partnership program to run well, (2) the form of school partnership with du/in the form of student pre-employment, teacher internships, guest teachers, teaching factories and absorption of graduates, (3) the quality of school partnerships is very good with the fulfillment of all indicators.( 4) obstacles that arise during pre-employment such as students are not facilitated and schools have difficulty in synchronizing the curriculum with Business World/ Industrial World because the representatives who come to the school do not meet the expectations of the school.

Teacher performance, leadership, work culture, and motivation are all important components in providing a high-quality education. Through the teachers work culture and motivation, this study tries to describe the link between the principals situational leadership and teacher performance. This study is based on a correlational quantitative technique. The total number of teachers was 124, with a sample size of 95. The slovin formula is used to carry out the proportionate random sampling approach. SPSS 20 is used to perform descriptive and inferential statistics in this investigation. Questionnaires are used to collect data. Path analysis is used in this data analysis. The results showed that there is situational leadership (30 items) and work motivation (30 items) are in the high category, while work culture (34 items) and teacher performance (14 items) are in the very high category, which have been tested for validity and reliability, there is a direct correlation of situational leadership, work culture, work motivation to teacher performance, there is an indirect correlation of situational leadership and work culture through work motivation to teacher performance.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the role of Uganda police land desks in conflict management in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Methodology: The research adopted a cross sectional and descriptive survey research designs which involving both qualitative and quantitative studies. The study population consisted of community members in Wakiso and Mukono districts who were affected by (victims of) land conflicts; Police land desks officials and the district land boards with purposive and stratified sampling used to select them. A sample of 385 respondents was used and questionnaires, interview guides, focus group discussion and documentary review were used to collect data with both SPSS and content analysis was used to analyze the field data. Findings: According to the findings from the field, respondents agreed that police land desk in Mukono and Wakiso district carried out sensitizing of communities on crimes associated with land wrangles and their penalties as represented with 26.75% of respondents. In addition, police land desk in Mukono and Wakiso districts expressed hearing of crimes associated with land wrangles as represented with 30.65% of respondents. Also to note, police land desk controls eviction of people from their land as represented with 27.27% of respondents. Police land desk department authorizes the protection of sites where land wrangles are taking place in the district of both Mukono and Wakiso, this was represented with 27.79% of respondents. Police land desk in their role in conflict management, majority of 70% of the respondents believe that the police are ineffective. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: findings from the study would shed light on how police land desks are developing and identify the determinants of this development, and the implication of the development processes on land conflict management. Further findings would offer different experiences of the land desks both in Uganda police and elsewhere in the world and validate the need for long-term processes to address some of the critical barriers to achieving justice especially women, children among others trying to enforce their land rights, as opposed to short-term projects or work on individual cases.

The knowledge about education to build an ideal Christian family obtained by Generation Z is not good enough, so the author gives the purpose of writing to discuss the crisis in the household, rebuild the household and provide Christian values in generation Z in preventing divorce. The author uses descriptive literature research method data and provides research results: How to build a harmonious family can be dynamically interwoven if we base our family development on strong Christian spirituality values accompanied by good communication between us and the children of Generation Z Surprisingly few studies have explored the implications of divorce occurring because families cannot be built, especially in Generation Z. This paper discusses some of the theoretical arguments that build families in generation Z based on the Bible and the challenges of the ideal family. The results showed thatIn building an ideal family, young people must first know what the ideal family is like. According to the author, the ideal family according to the Bible is: A family born of holy marriage, a God-fearing family, a born-again family, a growing and impactful family and a harmonious family.

This research aims to analysis the differences between man and woman language features, specifically in the movie A Haunted House 2. In this research, the researcher focuses on the dialogues of two characters named Malcolm and Megan, who act as the main characters of this movie. The method that is used in this research is qualitative. The result of this research showed that out of 7 features in man language features, the researcher found 3 features and out of 10 features in woman language features, the researcher found 4 features. In conclusion, the language features between these characters are different and those differences are located in their dialogues. This research also showed that there are some language features which are used by the woman character in this movie adopted a small portion of man language features.

The purpose of this research is to describe and examine the principals leadership in the two great schools. A multi-site qualitative technique is used in this study. The principal, deputy head of public relations, and deputy curriculum served as informants in this investigation. In-depth interviews, participant observations, and documentation were used to collect data. The stages of study were data collecting, data reduction, data presentation, and generating conclusions, which were examined utilizing an interactive data analysis model from Miles (2005). The findings validity was verified using triangulation technique. The results showed that (1) Professional competences in offering educational innovations are the outputs of Teacher Competence by mobilizing teachers and learning teachers maximized at SLB Negeri 1 Martapura. At SLB-C Negeri Pembina through pedagogic competence in providing skills facilitated by the school; (2) Readiness of school infrastructure at SLB Negeri 1 Martapura, the availability of supporting facilities and optimizing them. SLB-C Negeri Pembina has complete facilities to support learning; (3) The school seeks partnerships with parents to foster and motivate learners in applying skills. At SLB Negeri 1 Martapura by applying the partnership model. In SLB-C Negeri Pembina by applying the client model; (4) Development of business plans and provision of work experience at SLB Negeri 1 Martapura by providing coaching and skills activities in schools. In SLB-C Negeri Pembina is to prepare additional expertise oriented to the business world and the industrial world.

The goal of this study is to discuss the management of character education at two different sites. The study was qualitative and multi-site. The researchers served as the research instruments. Interviews, participant observations, and documentation were utilized to collect data. Snowball sampling tactics were employed by respondents to select important informants. Model interactive analysis was used to analyze the data. Character education management, which covers planning or emphasizing difficulties (4 things), research aims (4 items), research benefits (2 items), and term definition, was collected via a guide interview, observation, and recording (4 items). Data analysis techniques using models (Bagdon, Robert C, 1982). The researchers involvement, the persistence of observations, and the appropriateness of referential were all utilized to determine the validity of the data. The results of the study showed that the management of Private Ibtidaiyah Madrasa of Darussalam Awayan character education and the management of Private Ibtidaiyah Madrasa of Miftahul Ulum Pudak character education is in accordance with existing management functions and character-building strategies.

School quality is effectd by various factors. One of the most dominant factors in determining school quality is leadership. Leadership becomes central in influencing other factors such as teacher performance, work commitment, and job satisfaction. This study aims to describe the correlation between instructional leadership, work commitment and teacher performance through teacher job satisfaction. This research was an explanatory research with quantitative method. The population of the study was all 276 public elementary school teachers in Balangan Regency. The sampling technique used is Proportional Random Sampling. The number of samples was determined based on the Slovin formula with 163 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of instructional leadership (24 items), work commitment (25 items), work motivation ( 59 items) , teacher performance using Teacher Performance Assessment (51 items). The questionnaire was compiled using a Likert scale which had been tested for validity and reliability using the product moment correlation. The data collected uses path analysis to see direct and indirect correlations between variables, by first testing normality, linearity, homogeneity and multicollinearity. The results showed that there was a direct and indirect correlation between instructional leadership, work commitment and teacher performance through teacher job satisfaction.

Teacher performance is the determining factor for achieving educational goals. Several factors effect teacher performance, namely the principals leadership, teacher work discipline, and teacher achievement motivation. This study aims to describe and analyze the direct and indirect effect of the principals leadership on teacher performance through work discipline and teacher achievement motivation. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with correlational techniques. The population of this study was 160 teachers in 22 schools. The sample of this study was 115 people. The number of samples is taken using the Slovin formula and proportional random sampling. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principals leadership (28 items), work discipline (30 items), achievement motivation (30 items), and teachers performance (30 items) which had been tested for validity and reliability using moment product correlation. Data analysis of this study used Path Analysis. The results showed an effect of the principals leadership on teacher performance through work discipline and motivation to excel, either directly or indirectly.

Today energy resources are one of the basic issues for any country. Energy provides opportunities for the development of the economy, comfortable living for people, and creates conditions for the normal functioning of education, medical care, social security, public services. In this regard, the most significant issue for the development of modern Uzbekistan is the economic stability of the country, which largely depends on the achievement of energy security. A strong energy policy provides the basis for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. However, it is no longer possible to maintain a huge energy infrastructure in normal working order, to increase the production of energy resources without transferring the sphere to the rails of a market economy. Energy security can only be achieved when the most modern achievements are used in the construction and operation of power plants, electrical networks, gas pipelines, and other elements of the energy infrastructure. The development of the energy sector based on the laws of the market creates conditions for competition, which makes it possible to attract investors to the implementation of projects. These investors have modern technologies and experience which will be introduced into the energy sector of Uzbekistan. This research examines the introduction of competition into the energy sector of Uzbekistan, taking into account the international practice of developed countries. In turn, the ongoing reforms should attract both local and foreign investments to the energy sector, as well as stimulate the development of a competitive environment by ensuring equal access to energy resources.

This study aims to determine the relationship between adverse childhood experience and depression in adolescents. This research uses quantitative method. The sampling technique used was random sampling, and analyzed by t-test with the Stata 13 program. The population in this study were teenagers who were in SMA Batik 1 Surakarta at the time this research was conducted, and were willing to be the sample in this study. So that the sample used in this study amounted to 150 respondents. Sample selection using random method. Data collection in this study was carried out using a questionnaire instrument. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis, then the data is processed using the SPSS 20 . software application. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that ACE has a positive and significant effect on depression experienced in adolescence. Status as the youngest child and aged between 15 years - 17 years, is an accompaniment to the onset of depression in adolescents. It was further stated that in this study family conditions were not the cause of depression in adolescents, from 150 respondents there were 125 respondents who came from divorced families and one or both of their parents remarried but experienced depression caused by ACE.